Comparative studies on the effects of high-fat diet, endurance training and obesity on Ucp1 expression in male C57BL/6 mice

Shirkhani, Samaneh; Marandi, Seyed Mohammad; Kazeminasab, Fatemeh; Esmaeili, Maryam; Ghaedi, Kamran; Esfarjani, Fahimeh; Shiralian-Esfahani, Hanieh; Nasr-Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.015

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In another SGDS, an 8-week extremely low-calorie diet decreased browning formation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in obese individuals, as measured by UCP1 mRNA [59]. This outcome supports previous evidence in animals suggesting that diet has no effect on UCP1 in white adipose tissue [61,62]. In a SGDS, healthy young lean women who were carriers of the UCP1 polymorphism −3826G allele, displayed reduced weight loss after a 2-week hypo-energetic diet consisting of approximately 30% reduction in energy intake [48].…”

Section: Qualitative Data Synthesissupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides a minor contribution to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)—the metabolic response to food consumption. Increased BAT activity is generally considered beneficial for mammalian metabolism and has been associated with favorable health outcomes. The aim of the current systematic review was to explore whether nutritional factors and/or diet affect human BAT activity. Methods: We searched PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library (trials) to conduct this systematic review (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018082323). Results: We included 24 eligible papers that studied a total of 2785 participants. We found no mean differences in standardized uptake value of BAT following a single meal or after 6 weeks of L-Arginine supplementation. Resting energy expenditure (REE), however, was increased following a single meal and after supplementation of capsinoid and catechin when compared to a control condition (Z = 2.41, p = 0.02; mean difference = 102.47 (95% CI = 19.28–185.67)). Conclusions: Human BAT activity was not significantly affected by nutrition/diet. Moreover, REE was only increased in response to a single meal, but it is unlikely that this was due to increased BAT activity. BAT activity assessments in response to the chronic effect of food should be considered along with other factors such as body composition and/or environmental temperature.

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Section: Qualitative Data Synthesissupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…In HFD-induced obese animals, chronic exercise shows conflicting results on beiging. Some studies indicate that exercise increased beiging markers [32,168], whereas another found a neutral effect [169], and some observed decreased beiging markers following chronic exercise training [170]. These contradictory results are likely explained by differences in the modality and duration of exercise, which warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Cold and Exercise Induce A “Beiging” Of White Adipose Tismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity

Silva

Hernández-Saavedra

White

et al. 2019

Biology

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The rise in obesity over the last several decades has reached pandemic proportions. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that is involved in energy expenditure and represents an attractive target to combat both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cold exposure and exercise training are two stimuli that have been investigated with respect to BAT activation, metabolism, and the contribution of BAT to metabolic health. These two stimuli are of great interest because they have both disparate and converging effects on BAT activation and metabolism. Cold exposure is an effective mechanism to stimulate BAT activity and increase glucose and lipid uptake through mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in metabolic benefits including elevated energy expenditure and increased insulin sensitivity. Exercise is a therapeutic tool that has marked benefits on systemic metabolism and affects several tissues, including BAT. Compared to cold exposure, studies focused on BAT metabolism and exercise display conflicting results; the majority of studies in rodents and humans demonstrate a reduction in BAT activity and reduced glucose and lipid uptake and storage. In addition to investigations of energy uptake and utilization, recent studies have focused on the effects of cold exposure and exercise on the structural lipids in BAT and secreted factors released from BAT, termed batokines. Cold exposure and exercise induce opposite responses in terms of structural lipids, but an important overlap exists between the effects of cold and exercise on batokines. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences of cold exposure and exercise in relation to their effects on BAT activity and metabolism and its relevance for the prevention of obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Within BAT, exercise increases or leads to no changes in UCP1 fairly consistently after acute (30 min) and chronic running protocols (3 weeks) [81,99,101,109,180,196] or after swimming for six weeks [96,97]. Treadmill training for a longer duration (8-9 weeks), however, yields much more inconclusive results, with increases [21], no changes [94,184], and decreases all observed [22,95]. Both swimming and running protocols up to 8 weeks consistently increased [8, 21, 22, 56, 81, 95, 98-101, 111-113, 185] or yielded insignificant changes [8,22,99,111,180,185] in UCP1, although longer durations (10 weeks) did not change UCP1 concentrations [114,115,137].…”

Section: Dissimilarities Between Cold Exposure and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rodents, multiple studies examining the same exercise protocol have yielded different effects on UCP1 in BAT [21,94,95], yet swimming seems to reliably increase UCP1 [96,97]. Conversely, there is more robust evidence that exercise increases UCP1 in WAT in ro-…”

Section: Activation Of Ucp1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Exercise a Match for Cold Exposure? Common Molecular Framework for Adipose Tissue Browning

2020

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Exercise is commonly utilized for weight loss, yet research has focused less on specific modifications to adipose tissue metabolism. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the storage form of fat, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue whose uncoupling increases energy expenditure. The most established BAT activator is cold exposure, which also transforms WAT into “beige cells” that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Preliminary evidence in rodents suggests exercise elicits similar effects. The purpose of this review is to parallel and examine differences between exercise and cold exposure on BAT activation and beige induction. Like cold exposure, exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and activates molecular pathways responsible for BAT/beige activation, including upregulation of BAT activation markers (UCP1, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α) and stimulation of endocrine activators (fibroblast growth factor-21, irisin, and natriuretic peptides). Further, certain BAT activators are altered exclusively by exercise (interleukin-6, lactate). Markers of BAT activation increase from both cold exposure and exercise, whereas effects in WAT are compartment-specific. Stimulation of endocrine activators depends on numerous factors, including stimulus intensity and duration. Evidence of these analogous, albeit not mirrored, mechanisms is demonstrated by increases in adipose activity in rodents, while effects remain challenging to quantify in humans.

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Comparative studies on the effects of high-fat diet, endurance training and obesity on Ucp1 expression in male C57BL/6 mice

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Nutrition/Diet on Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity

Is Exercise a Match for Cold Exposure? Common Molecular Framework for Adipose Tissue Browning

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