Is Exercise a Match for Cold Exposure? Common Molecular Framework for
                    Adipose Tissue Browning

Martin, Alexandra; Chung, Soonkyu; Koehler, Karsten

doi:10.1055/a-1100-7118

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(363 reference statements)

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“…The results of this study also suggest the potential application of PomE extract in other scenarios, such as the improvement of physical exercise, since—as reflected in the literature—there is a great similarity in the thermogenic activation caused by these two conditions [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pomegranate Extract Augments Energy Expenditure Counteracting the Metabolic Stress Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Reguero

Cedrón

Sierra-Ramírez

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity is associated to a low grade of chronic inflammation leading to metabolic stress, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dislipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer. A Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce systemic inflammatory factors, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic alterations associated to “unhealthy obesity”. In a previous work, we described a pomegranate extract (PomE) rich in punicalagines to augment markers of browning and thermogenesis in human differentiated adipocytes and to augment the oxidative respiratory capacity in human differentiated myocytes. Herein, we have conducted a preclinical study of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity where PomE augments the systemic energy expenditure (EE) contributing to a reduction in the low grade of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance associated to obesity. At the molecular level, PomE promotes browning and thermogenesis in adipose tissue, reducing inflammatory markers and augmenting the reductive potential to control the oxidative stress associated to the HFD. PomE merits further investigation as a complementary approach to alleviate obesity, reducing the low grade of chronic inflammation and metabolic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Pomegranate Extract Augments Energy Expenditure Counteracting the Metabolic Stress Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Reguero

Cedrón

Sierra-Ramírez

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…This in mind could help identify heretofore unexplored ways of Irisin induction. Some of these have already been observed, like inducing Irisin through cold-exposure, or other external stimuli, leading to an increased ATP demand [ 139 ].…”

Section: Myokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review

Zunner

Wachsmuth

Eckstein

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed.

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“…Browning of WAT is often caused by exercise (Dewal & Stanford, 2019; Martin et al, 2020; McKie & Wright, 2020). Exercise induces metabolic adaptations, such as the enhancement of glucose metabolism through activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and oxidative metabolism by an increase or activation of mitochondria in skeletal muscle (Hoshino et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise intensity on white adipose tissue browning and its regulatory signals in mice

Tanimura

Kobayashi

Shirai

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Adipose tissue has been classified into white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue the latter of which is produced as WAT changes into BAT due to exposure to cold temperature or exercise. In response to these stimulations, WAT produces heat by increasing mitochondrial contents and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), thus facilitating browning. Exercise is known to be one of the triggers for WAT browning, but the effects of exercise intensity on the browning of WAT remain to be unclear.Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of high-or low-intensity exercises on the browning of WAT. Mice performed high-or low-intensity running on a treadmill running 3 days a week for four weeks. As per our findings, it was determined that four weeks of running did not significantly reduce inguinal WAT (iWAT) wet weight but did significantly reduce adipocytes size, regardless of exercise intensity. The protein expression level of UCP1 was significantly increased in iWAT by high-intensity running. In addition, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins (OXPHOS) in iWAT was significantly increased by high-intensity running. These results demonstrated that high-intensity exercise might be effective for increasing mitochondrial contents and heat production capacity in iWAT. Furthermore, we found that high-intensity running increased the protein expression level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in skeletal muscle compared with that in low intensity running. We have also examined the relationship between browning of WAT and the expression of FGF21 in skeletal muscle and found a positive correlation between the protein expression of UCP1 in iWAT and the protein expression of FGF21 in gastrocnemius muscle. In conclusion, we suggest that high-intensity exercise is effective for the browning of WAT and the increase of FGF21 in skeletal muscle.

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Is Exercise a Match for Cold Exposure? Common Molecular Framework for Adipose Tissue Browning

Cited by 17 publications

References 185 publications

Pomegranate Extract Augments Energy Expenditure Counteracting the Metabolic Stress Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Pomegranate Extract Augments Energy Expenditure Counteracting the Metabolic Stress Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity

Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review

Effects of exercise intensity on white adipose tissue browning and its regulatory signals in mice

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