Comparative Studies on Conventional and Microwave Synthesis of Some Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole and Indole Derivatives and Testing on Inhibition of Hyaluronidase

Abstract

We have synthesized twelve 2-substituted benzimidazole, benzothiazole and indole derivatives using on both microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. The microwave method was observed to be more beneficial as it provides an increase of yield from 3% to 113% and a 95 to 98 % reduction in time. All compounds were tested by a stains-all assay at pH 7 and by a Morgan-Elson assay at pH 3.5 for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 µM. The most potent compound was 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylindole (12) with an IC50 value of 107 µM at both pH 7 and 3.5.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agents

“…2-Arylbenzimidazoles are usually synthesized by classical cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamines with the corresponding carboxylic acids under harsh dehydrating reaction conditions (12) or with aldehydes under oxidative conditions (13). The condensation of o-phenylenediamines and aldehydes requires an oxidative reagent to generate the benzimidazole core.…”

Synthesis of Substituted 2-Phenyl-1H-indoles and their Fungicidal Activity

“…Firstly synthesized by Baeyer and Emmerling [5] from oxindole using zinc dust, indoles have been synthesized by various methods such as catalytic reduction of o-nitrotoluenes [6], anilines and α-haloketones [7,8], cyclization of o-allylanilines [9] and Pd catalyzed coupling of alkynes with substituted iodoanilines [10]. But the Fischer indole synthesis remains the most popular method involving the condensation of phenyl hydrazines with substituted aldehydes or ketones followed by cyclization conventionally [11] as well as under microwave irradiation [12]. Indoles have registered their presence in variety of natural and synthetic compounds.…”

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis And Characterizatıon of Novel RuxM1-xAl2O3 Nanoparticles

“…For example, they can act as major catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of monoaromatics [9], methanol fuel cells [10], synthesis of diesel fuels [11], and removal of organic pollutants from water [12], etc. Out of many methods used for the synthesis of NPs, the use of microwave dielectric heating has been shown to dramatically reduce processing times, increase product yields, and enhance product purity compared to many other processes [13]. Microwave chemistry, produces rapid internal heating by direct interaction of electromagnetic irradiation with the molecules, i.e., solvents, reagents and catalysts, which are present in the reaction mixture [14].…”