Comparative Studies of Six Avian Herpesviruses

Lee, Lucy F.; Armstrong, R. L.; Nazerian, K.

doi:10.2307/1588760

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Based upon sedimentation and/or re striction fragment analyses, the genomes of MDV, HVT, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILT; Gallid herpesvirus 1), and AHV have been reported to have molecular weights of 110 [26,32], 100-110 [32,41], 100-109 [42,43] and 119 xlO6, respectively. The G + C contents of MDV, HVT, and ILT have been reported to be in the range of 46-47% with densities of 1.704-1.707 g/cm 3 [32,37,44,45]. These values are close to the G + C content of the host cell DNA and this result has made complete resolu tion of the viral and host DNAs difficult [44,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The G + C contents of MDV, HVT, and ILT have been reported to be in the range of 46-47% with densities of 1.704-1.707 g/cm 3 [32,37,44,45]. These values are close to the G + C content of the host cell DNA and this result has made complete resolu tion of the viral and host DNAs difficult [44,46]. AHV, on the other hand, is related in G + C content to other less well-characterized avian herpesviruses including Columbid her pesvirus 1 (pigeon herpesvirus, PHV), Phalacrocoracid herpesvirus 1 (Lake Victoria cor morant virus, LVCH V), and Strigid herpesvirus 1 (owl herpesvirus, OH V) with calculated G + C contents of 59,58, and 61%, respectively [44], Despite the variation in the G + C content of the DNAs, the consistency of molecular size of the DNA could indicate similarities in biologi cal properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ILT is much less cell-associated, multiplies more rapidly, is strongly cytolytic, and pro duces higher cell-free titers. The lymphoproliferative property associated with MDV strains is not shared by either HVT or ILT or by many other isolates of MDV itself [47], Like ILT, the AHV, PHV, LVCHV, and OHV all produce rapidly developing cytolytic effects, are exten sively released into the culture media and pro duce high cell-free titers [44]. They are not known to transform or immortalize cultures and, thus, are dissimilar to MDV in these properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the DNA of Anatid Herpesvirus 1

1993

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A plaque-purified isolate of the Holland strain of Anatid herpesvirus (AHV-ppc3) was purified by differential and buoyant density sedimentation. The virus buoyant density was 1.215 g/cm³ in sucrose. AHV-ppc3 DNA was analyzed by sedimentation velocity studies in neutral or alkaline sucrose gradients. Based upon a comparison with T4 DNA, the DNA of AHV-ppc3 was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 59.7 S and a molecular mass of 1.19 × 10⁸ daltons. Between 15 and 22 bands were observed in agarose gel electrophoresis with AHV DNA cut by BarnHl, EcoRl, Pstlor BgHIThe possibility of isometric forms is indicated by the finding of restriction fragments having molar ratios differing from 1.0. The mean molecular mass calculated from the fragments was 1.18 × 10⁸ daltons. Terminal fragments were identified using exonuclease II and BgHI. In alkaline sucrose gradients, AHV DNA fragments with the largest of the most abundant species have a sedimentation coefficient of 69 S and a calculated mass of 6.0 × 10⁷ daltons. The buoyant density of AHV-ppc3 DNA in cesium chloride was 1.723 g/cm³ corresponding to a % G + C content of 64.3. This finding was supported by thermal melts of the DNA in SSC/10 in which the thermal melting point was 82.7°. The data support a model for AHV in which the viral duplex DNA is linear, without covalently closed termini or significant base modifications, but with single strand nicks or gaps. The % G + C content of AHV DNA is the highest reported for any avian herpesvirus in the α-herpesvirinea subgroup.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the DNA of Anatid Herpesvirus 1

1993

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“…2a, b). PRV and ILTV are released into the supernatant fluid predominantly as cell-free virus particles (Lee et al, 1972;Lomniczi, 1974). On the other hand, the growth cycle of HVT in secondary CEF has an eclipse period of 12 h before viruses begin to be produced.…”

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confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses Provide Helper Functions for Avian Adeno-associated Parvovirus

Bauer

Monreal

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe avian herpesviruses infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), as well as the mammalian herpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) were able to provide complete helper activity for the production of infectious avian adenoassociated virus (AAAV) in chicken cells. The presence of AAAV in the infected chicken cell reduced the multiplication of HVT. ILTV or PRV, however, were not affected if used as helper viruses. Infectious AAAV was determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and infectious herpesvirus by plaque assays.Avian adeno-associated virus (AAAV) is a defective parvovirus which grows efficiently only in chicken cells co-infected with avian adenovirus (Yates et al., 1973;Pronovost et al., 1979). This report investigates whether or not other avian viruses can provide the helper function required for active multiplication of AAAV in chicken cells. We demonstrate that two avian herpesviruses, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), as well as pseudorabies virus (PRV), a herpesvirus of mammalian origin, provide complete helper activity for AAAV. A helper activity of human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) for human AAV has been demonstrated (Buller et al., 1981). We also show that the growth of HVT is reduced in chicken cells co-infected with HVT and AAAV. However, there is no inhibitory effect on the multiplication of the helper virus if PRV or ILTV is used as helper.The AAAV strain ATCC VR-865 was propagated in embryonated chicken eggs (VALO, Cuxhaven, F.R.G.) by co-infection with fowl adenovirus serotype l (CELO virus) and prepurified by 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane treatment, followed by centrifugation in one discontinuous and two CsC1 equilibrium density gradients. The infectious AAAV particles which band in CsC1 at a density of 1.39 to 1.40 g/ml were collected. The remaining CELO virus in this AAAV preparation was removed by immunoprecipitation using rabbit anti-CELO virus serum and Protein A-Sepharose (Bauer & Monreal, 1985). Serum proteins in the purified AAAV were removed by an additional equilibrium density gradient. The final virus suspension was dialysed against cell culture Medium 199 with Earle's salts.The non-pathogenic ILTV strain ASL (Gelenczei & Marty, 1964) was plaque-purified three times and propagated in primary chicken kidney cells (CKC). The FC 126 strain of HVT (Witter et al., 1970) was obtained as a live vaccine against Marek's disease from E. Vielitz (TAD, Cuxhaven, F.R.G.). The lyophilized virus material was dissolved in SPGA stabilizer, pH 6.5, containing 0.218 M-sucrose, 0'0038 M-monopotassium phosphate, 0.0072 M-dipotassium phosphate, 0.0049 M-monosodium glutamate and 1 ~ bovine serum albumin (Calnek et al., 1970). The DEK strain of PRV (kindly provided by H. Ludwig, Berlin, F.R.G.) was plaquepurified three times and propagated in secondary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF).To study the growth cycle of AAAV with ILTV as helper virus and the influence of AAAV on the multiplication ...

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“…Herpes virus of turkeys (HVT) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were selected for the initial study. Both viruses replicate and produce plaques in chick cells [16][17][18]. The DNAs of HVT and ILTV contain 46-48 mole% guanine plus cytosine, and are thus similar in base composition to the DNA of the highly oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Thymidine Kinases Induced by Avian and Human Herpesviruses

Kit¹,

Jorgensen²,

Leung³

et al. 1973

Intervirology

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Disc PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and glycerol gradient centrifugation experiments were carried out to characterize thymidine (dT) kinase isozymes induced by herpesvirus of turkeys and infectious laryngotracheitis virus in the cytosol fraction of infected chick cells. The avian herpesvirus dT kinases differed from chick cytosol dT kinase in electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point and phosphate donor specificity. The avian herpesvirus dT kinases resembled chick mitochondrial dT kinase in electrophoretic mobilityy and isoelectric point, but exhibited larger sedimentation coefficients. The avian herpesvirus enzymes closely resembled dT kinases induced by human herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2.

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Comparative Studies of Six Avian Herpesviruses

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular Characterization of the DNA of Anatid Herpesvirus 1

Molecular Characterization of the DNA of Anatid Herpesvirus 1

Herpesviruses Provide Helper Functions for Avian Adeno-associated Parvovirus

Thymidine Kinases Induced by Avian and Human Herpesviruses

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