Comparative studies of microbial populations in the rumen, duodenum, ileum and faeces of lactating dairy cows

Frey, Julie C.; Pell, Alice N.; Berthiaume, R.; Lapierre, H.; Lee, S.; Ha, Jong K.; Mendell, Jennifer; Angert, Esther R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04602.x

Cited by 70 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In consequence, concentrations of molecular markers (numbers of gene copies/g DM) as well as total numbers of the bacterial and methanogenic populations were also lower. This is consistent with a recent work reporting that microbial numbers are reduced by 8 orders of magnitude from the rumen, through the abomasum, and into the duodenum of lactating dairy cows (42). Interestingly, despite these differences in microbial concentrations between rumen and cecal contents, we did not observe any differences in their ex situ total gas production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Methanogens and Methanogenesis in the Rumens and Ceca of Lambs Fed Two Different High-Grain-Content Diets

Popova

Morgavi

Martin

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The amount and nature of dietary starch are known to influence the extent and site of feed digestion in ruminants. However, how starch degradability may affect methanogenesis and methanogens along the ruminant's digestive tract is poorly understood. This study examined the diversity and metabolic activity of methanogens in the rumen and cecum of lambs receiving wheat or corn high-graincontent diets. Methane production in vivo and ex situ was also monitored. In vivo daily methane emissions (CH 4 g/day) were 36% (P < 0.05) lower in corn-fed lambs than in wheat-fed lambs. Ex situ methane production (mol/h) was 4-fold higher for ruminal contents than for cecal contents (P < 0.01), while methanogens were 10-fold higher in the rumen than in the cecum (mcrA copy numbers; P < 0.01). Clone library analysis indicated that Methanobrevibacter was the dominant genus in both sites. Diet induced changes at the species level, as the Methanobrevibacter millerae-M. gottschalkii-M. smithii clade represented 78% of the sequences from the rumen of wheat-fed lambs and just about 52% of the sequences from the rumen of the corn-fed lambs. Diet did not affect mcrA expression in the rumen. In the cecum, however, expression was 4-fold and 2-fold lower than in the rumen for wheat-and corn-fed lambs, respectively. Though we had no direct evidence for compensation of reduced rumen methane production with higher cecum methanogenesis, the ecology of methanogens in the cecum should be better considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Methanogens and Methanogenesis in the Rumens and Ceca of Lambs Fed Two Different High-Grain-Content Diets

Popova

Morgavi

Martin

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Digestion takes place mainly owing to enzymes produced by the flora of the rumen. Fermentation processes lead to the production of SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), which are used to meet the energy requirements of ruminants, as well as for synthesis of amino acids and proteins by the bacteria themselves (2,3,10,12,16,32). Diet affects the composition of the rumen microbiota and fermentation pathways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of balanced supplementary feeding in winter on qualitative and quantitative changes in the population of microbes colonizing the rumen of red deer

Gnat

Dziedzic

Nowakiewicz

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Gnat S., Dziedzic R., Nowakiewicz A., Zięba P., Trościańczyk A., Majer-Dziedzic B., Ziółkowska G., Beeger S., Wójcik M.Effect of balanced supplementary feeding in winter on qualitative and quantitative changes in the population of microbes colonizing the rumen of red deer Summary Ruminants are a group of animals that process and assimilate their food in a unique manner. The functioning of the digestive tract of these animals is closely related to the abundance and composition of microbes in the forestomach, which is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Microorganisms present in the rumen, and in particular their effect on physiological processes in the body, influence the animal's physical condition and state of health. Microbiological examination of rumen microbiota ecology is hindered by a lack of selective growth media, as well as by difficulties in isolating bacteria in vitro and accurately identifying them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of food consumed by red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the diversity of their rumen microbiota. Microbes were compared in two study periods. In autumn the animals' diet came exclusively from natural plant sources, while in winter, supplementary feeding was introduced, including specially prepared fodder. The study showed that in deer that did not receive the special fodder in winter, but only natural plant components, the abundance of bacterial flora decreased significantly compared with what it was in autumn, unlike in animals that did receive the fodder, whose composition and caloric value substantially increased the activity of rumen microbes. In winter, changes in proportions of different morphological forms of rumen bacteria were observed, as well as a decline in their total number, particularly in the animals that did not receive the pellets. A similar decline was also observed in the populations of yeasts and protozoa in winter. To sum up the results of the study, the use of the specially prepared high-calorie fodder in winter was shown to influence the rumen ecosystem of red deer. The most significant factor improving the condition of deer receiving supplementary fodder during this period is the stabilization of bacterial flora in the rumen, which directly contributes to the efficiency of digestion.

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“…Phylogenetically, methanogens belong to the Euryarchaeota with six established (Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanocellales, Methanopyrales, and Methanosarcinales) and one proposed (Methanomassiliicoccales) order(s) (3) and at least 31 genera (4). As well as being major functional components of anaerobic digester communities (5,6), methanogens are found in other anoxic environments such as peatlands (7), landfills (8), rice paddy fields (9), and ruminant gut (10), all of which emit methane to the atmosphere. The diversity and abundance of methanogens in anaerobic digesters are critical to operating efficiency, since methanogenesis is usually the rate-limiting step (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrosequencing of mcrA and Archaeal 16S rRNA Genes Reveals Diversity and Substrate Preferences of Methanogen Communities in Anaerobic Digesters

Wilkins

Lü

Shen

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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Methanogenic archaea play a key role in biogas-producing anaerobic digestion and yet remain poorly taxonomically characterized. This is in part due to the limitations of low-throughput Sanger sequencing of a single (16S rRNA) gene, which in the past may have undersampled methanogen diversity. In this study, archaeal communities from three sludge digesters in Hong Kong and one wastewater digester in China were examined using high-throughput pyrosequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and 16S rRNA genes. Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinales were detected in each digester, indicating that both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis was occurring. Two sludge digesters had similar community structures, likely due to their similar design and feedstock. Taxonomic classification of the mcrA genes suggested that these digesters were dominated by acetoclastic methanogens, particularly Methanosarcinales, while the other digesters were dominated by hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales. The proposed euryarchaeotal order Methanomassiliicoccales and the uncultured WSA2 group were detected with the 16S rRNA gene, and potential mcrA genes for these groups were identified. 16S rRNA gene sequencing also recovered several crenarchaeotal groups potentially involved in the initial anaerobic digestion processes. Overall, the two genes produced different taxonomic profiles for the digesters, while greater methanogen richness was detected using the mcrA gene, supporting the use of this functional gene as a complement to the 16S rRNA gene to better assess methanogen diversity. A significant positive correlation was detected between methane production and the abundance of mcrA transcripts in digesters treating sludge and wastewater samples, supporting the mcrA gene as a biomarker for methane yield. Methane from anaerobic digestion is an important source of renewable energy that can circumvent the problems of dwindling fossil fuels and of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions due to fossil fuel combustion (1). Anaerobic digestion is becoming a key part of municipal wastewater treatment, as it allows recovery of energy (biogas) from waste streams to offset onsite energy consumption. The anaerobic digestion of heterogeneous organic substrates for methane production is a complex process involving four major sequential phases: hydrolysis, fermentation, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis (2). Methanogens are strictly anaerobic archaea that produce methane from a limited number of substrates, including hydrogen (H 2 ), acetate, and some C 1 compounds (2). Phylogenetically, methanogens belong to the Euryarchaeota with six established (Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanocellales, Methanopyrales, and Methanosarcinales) and one proposed (Methanomassiliicoccales) order(s) (3) and at least 31 genera (4). As well as being major functional components of anaerobic digester communities (5, 6), methanogens are found in other anoxic environments such as peatlands (7), landfills...

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Comparative studies of microbial populations in the rumen, duodenum, ileum and faeces of lactating dairy cows

Cited by 70 publications

References 63 publications

Methanogens and Methanogenesis in the Rumens and Ceca of Lambs Fed Two Different High-Grain-Content Diets

Methanogens and Methanogenesis in the Rumens and Ceca of Lambs Fed Two Different High-Grain-Content Diets

Effect of balanced supplementary feeding in winter on qualitative and quantitative changes in the population of microbes colonizing the rumen of red deer

Pyrosequencing of mcrA and Archaeal 16S rRNA Genes Reveals Diversity and Substrate Preferences of Methanogen Communities in Anaerobic Digesters

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