Comparative studies of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles synthesized by using different green templates

Facile synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell biowaste using Azadirachta indica extract as a green template

“…51,52 Recently, several researchers have reported the synthesis of uniform-size nano-hydroxyapatite using a plant extract as a template such as Moringa oleifera flower and leaf, tamarind extract, papaya leaf, calendula flower, gum-arabic, banana, potato, and orange peel. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Azadirachta indica (AI) is a tree that belongs to the Meliaceae family and is also known as the neem/nim tree or Indian lilac. It is mostly found in the Indian subcontinent and some regions in Africa.…”

“…51,52 Recently, several researchers have reported the synthesis of uniform-size nano-hydroxyapatite using a plant extract as a template such as Moringa oleifera flower and leaf, tamarind extract, papaya leaf, calendula flower, gum-arabic, banana, potato, and orange peel. 53–61…”

Effect of Salinity on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Flooding in Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Mechanistic Study

“…The HAP positive charges could be neutralized and replaced with negative SDS ions by the SDS attachment at a pH of 1.69 (acidic). The findings demonstrate that the ZP ranges from −5.69 to −27.2 mV between pH values of 1.69 to 12.8, showing that the particles are more stable in basic media . ZP values of NFs less than 5 (5.0 mV) indicate unstable suspensions, which are most likely caused by agglomeration .…”

“…The findings demonstrate that the ZP ranges from −5.69 to −27.2 mV between pH values of 1.69 to 12.8, showing that the particles are more stable in basic media. 43 ZP values of NFs less than 5 (5.0 mV) indicate unstable suspensions, which are most likely caused by agglomeration. 44 The average ZP value indicates that the in situ-modified HAPs are extremely stable.…”

Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite from Hen´s Eggshells Using Sucrose as a Template

“…The literature mentions different substances used as a template [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]40 which aims to improve some properties of the material, changing its morphology, increasing the specific surface area and pore size, and also decreasing the particle size. Some additives/templates used, such as surfactants, may have elements that can be difficult to remove, contaminating the biomaterial.…”