Comparative Studies of Hemoperfusion Devices I. In Vitro Clearance Characteristics

Cooney, David O.; Infantolino, William; Kane, Robert P.

doi:10.3109/10731197809118701

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The choice of which of these four devices to use will depend heavily on the specific drug involved and its concentration in the patient. However, one should only select hemoperfusion over hernodialysis 1) when the identity of the drug involved has been definitely established and 2) when it is known, from clinical results, that the hemoperfusion device to be used is indeed better than the dialyzer that would normally be employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 21 cm length, was first marketed in July, 1974. The hemoperfusion devices studied were 1) the Sandev Haemocol unit (Sandev, Ltd., Gilston Park, Harlow, Essex, England; 300 gm of 2-4 mm diameter charcoal particles covered with a 5 pm acrylic hydrogel coating and packed in a column highly tapered on both ends); 2) the Becton-Dickinson Hemodetoxifier unit (B-D Drake Willock, Portland, Oregon, U S A . ; 94 gm of 0.3-0.84 mm diameter uncoated charcoal granules affixed to a polyester film which is wound into a spiral coil and placed into a 9.3 cm diameter X 13.6 cm long cylindrical shell); and 3) the Gambro Adsorba 300C unit (Gambro, Lund, Sweden; 300 gm of 1 mm diameter X 2 mm long cylindrical extruded charcoal pellets coated with a 3-5 p m cellulose membrane and packed into a cylindrical -7.8 cm diameter X 30 cm longshell).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T h e existing literature consists mostly of reports of 1) clinical case studies in which various devices were used to treat actual drug overdose victims or patients suffering from renal or hepatic failure, and 2) in vitro tests of the removal of specific solutes (e.g., drugs, endogenous toxins, amino acids) by such devices. Although most of these reports have been qualitative in nature, there has been a substantial number of papers in which methods for mathematically modeling the behavior of dialyzers have appeared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzers and Hemoperfusion Devices

Cooney

Daly

1979

Artificial Organs

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Clearance versus time tests were carried out on three charcoal-based hemoperfusion devices (Sandev, Becton-Dickinson and Gambro) using solutions of 1 gm/L sodium salicylate in a pH 7.4 buffer and in bovine blood at flow rates of 200 rnl/min. Similar tests were performed on a Cordis Dow 2.5 m2 hollowfiber dialyzer at a tube side flow rate (QB) of 200 ml/min. Buffer was pumped through the dialysate side at a flow rate (QD) of 400 ml/min. Two dialyzers were run in series at QB = 200 ml/min and QD = 500 or 1000 ml/min. Mass transfer resistances were computed from the test results. These values are useful in that they constitute an index of the intrinsic initial kinetics of solute transfer in each device. However, the clearance versus time curves indicate that these initial kinetics decrease at different rates for each hemoperfusion unit as sorption capacity begins to be depleted. In contrast, the initial clearances for the dialyzers remain at their initial values. These data reveal much about the relative mass transfer characteristics of these devices. mass transfer, hemoperfusion, dialyzers, clearances, kinetics Nomenclature A C fluid phase concentration K overall mass transfer coefficient Q volumetric flow rate RT total mass transfer resistance S W total solute transfer rate z axial length B blood or buffer D dialysate total external area for mass transfer external surface area per unit length of column Subscripts

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzers and Hemoperfusion Devices

Cooney

Daly

1979

Artificial Organs

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“…Hence, plotting c/co vs. 0 and extrapolating back to 0 = 1 gives one a value for (1 -E ) K~ L / E U (for the D,=O case), and hence for RT= UKg, if E, I ) , and L are known (which they usually are). Then, as Cooney et al (1978) have shown, by varying F (the volumetric flow rate), plotting RT vs. F-O.'…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hence, one therefore can determine R, and Re for any desired F value. Figure 4 shows a plot presented earlier by Cooney et al (1978), in which R, and Re at F = 200 mL/min were determined in the manner described for three different hemoperfusion columns. The three columns were the Sandev unit (300 g of 2-4-mm-diameter activated carbon granules coated with a 5pm-thick layer of a highly porous acrylic hydrogel polymer), the Gambro unit (300 g of a 1-mm-diameter, 2-mm-long cylindrical, activated carbon extrudate coated with a 3-5-pmthick, highly-porous, cellulose polymer coating), and the Becton-Dickinson unit (94 g of 0.30-0.84-mm-diameter, uncoated, activated carbon granules.…”

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Determining external film mass transfer coefficients for adsorption columns

Cooney

1991

AIChE Journal

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Radcliffe et al. (1982), while presenting a method for determining the external film mass transfer coefficient k, by the analysis of initial breakthrough concentrations, stated that external film mass transfer dominates mass transfer behavior during the early portion of breakthrough curves obtained from fixed-bed adsorbers. It is important, however, to define the conditions under which their assumptions and their method are valid, as will be discussed in this note. DevelopmentThe solute continuity equation for a fixed-bed adsorber, with provision for axial dispersion, is for "dilute" systems (i.e., systems for which u is essentially constant). Assuming that only external film mass transfer is of importance during the early part of the breakthrough curve, Radcliffe et al. employed the rate law ( c -c,) at where c, is the interfacial fluid-phase solute concentration. They stated that "initially the fluid-phase concentration at the particle surface is zero." Hence, setting c,= 0, substituting Eq. 2 into Eq. 1, and letting (ac/at), be zero based on the physical argument that it is small (this assumption is valid if the solute distribution ratio, qo/co, is large), we get The analogous solution for D,=O (which is often the case, especially when the fluid phase is a liquid) is:Again, a plot of c/co vs. 0, extrapolated back to d = 1, allows one to determine k,, if E , a, L , and u are known. I Frequently, "a" is unknown and hence is lumped together with k,, and the combined quantity k g is determined. This procedure is acceptable because the product k,a, and not either one alone, is what really matters in determining the fixed-bed behavior).The question arises as to whether the assumption that c, = 0 at O= 1 is indeed correct, thereby validating this method. Consideration of the simple limiting case where the solid phase has no adsorption capacity whatsoever is sufficient t o prove that c, > 0 can easily exist near O = 1 . When fluid containing solute first contacts the solid phase, diffusion starts to occur across the fluid boundary layer. After a relatively short time (on the

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Origins and development of biomedical engineering within chemical engineering

Peppas

Langer

2004

AIChE Journal

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Over the past 45 years, the field of biomedical engineering has found a welcome home in academic chemical engineering departments and in companies working with artificial organs, medical devices, and pharmaceutical formulations. The contributions of chemical engineers to the definition and the growth of the field have been important and at times seminal. The development and early contributions in the biomedical field with special emphasis on the contributions of chemical engineers is examined.

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Comparative Studies of Hemoperfusion Devices I. In Vitro Clearance Characteristics

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzers and Hemoperfusion Devices

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzers and Hemoperfusion Devices

Determining external film mass transfer coefficients for adsorption columns

Origins and development of biomedical engineering within chemical engineering

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