Comparative studies of chromosomal aberration and mutagenicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium

The Carcinogenicity of Chromium

“…Chromates are mutagenic in Escherichia coli and in Salmonella typhimurium (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72) and influence DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis (69,73). Venitt and Levi (60) and Petrilli and de Flora (62) in a comparative study found no significant differences in dose-response between the soluble and slightly soluble compounds in either the Salmonella or the Coil system.…”

“…Potassium dichromate is mutagenic in yeast (74), and soluble hexavalent salts induce morphological transformation and chromosomal aberrations in manunalian cells in vitro (69,(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81). Chromosomal aberrations are also found in workers engaged in 125 chrome production (82).…”

“…Chromosomal aberrations are also found in workers engaged in 125 chrome production (82). Nakamuro et al (69) found that both hexavalent and trivalent soluble salts had this effect, but the hexavalent salts were the most potent. Newbold et al (79) could not, however, demonstrate effects of lead chromate (insoluble hexavalent).…”

Genetic effects of potassium dichromate and chromium trioxide in Drosophila melanogaster.

“…Potassium dichromate and chromium trioxide induced chromosomal aberra tions in cultured hamster cells (Tsuda and Kato 1977, Nakamuro et al 1978, Majone and Levis 1979 and morphological transformations and aberrations in embryonic cells (Umeda and Nishimura 1979). Chromium compounds induced chromosomal aberrations in rat mammary gland cells (Nishimura and Umeda 1978).…”

Effects of metals in in vitro bioassays.

“…In human lymphocytes, Nakamuro et al examined the chromosome breaking capacity of hexavalent chromium (70). At low levels of exposure, the yield of aberrations was linear with dose.…”