The Carcinogenicity of Chromium

Norseth, Tor

doi:10.2307/3429226

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As, Cd, and Ni have been classified as Group 1 human carcinogens by the World Health Organization (50). Furthermore, Pb, Hg, and Cr have been classified as human and animal carcinogens or co-carcinogens (27)(28)(29)(30). The results from the present study demonstrated that Cd was significantly higher in the urine of patients with BC compared with the control population (~2-fold).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) were reported to be toxic because they can mimic or block the functions of other essential metals (26). Furthermore, Cd, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), Pb and Hg have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic and induce lung, liver, larynx, esophageal, prostate, breast and gastrointestinal cancers (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). However, the correlation between urinary levels of heavy metals and metabolomes in patients with BC, and their association with cancer development remain unknown.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Heavy Metals and Metabolites In The Urine Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer

Men

Zhang

et al. 2019

Oncol Lett

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Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that the environment serves a crucial role in cancer development. Heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (cd), chromium (Cr), lead and mercury, are considered to be carcinogens or co-carcinogens. Furthermore, Cd has been detected in breast cancer (BC) tissue at high concentrations. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between heavy metals detected in urine and urine metabolome of patients with BC, and their association with cancer development. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to determine urine metabolites and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used to detect heavy metals in urine samples. The results demonstrated that Cd was markedly increased in the urine of patients with BC compared with the control population (approximately 2-fold). Cr and As were also increased in the urine of patients with BC. In addition, numerous small molecule metabolites were altered in the urine of patients with BC compared with the control population. This study also demonstrated that alterations in small molecule metabolites in the urine of patients with BC were very similar to results from a previous report. These findings indicated that environmental exposure to Cd, As, or Cr could influence the urine levels of metabolites, which may be involved in BC development. Further investigation is therefore required to examine a larger range of samples from different countries or areas in order to understand the impact of heavy metals on metabolism and BC development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Evaluation Of Heavy Metals and Metabolites In The Urine Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer

Men

Zhang

et al. 2019

Oncol Lett

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“…Chromium is predominantly found in two valence states, namely hexavalent (Cr 6+ ) and trivalent (Cr 3+ ) chromium. Used extensively in industrial workplaces, Cr 6+ has adverse neurological, dermatological, and immune effects, as well as mutagenic and carcinogenic actions [28,29,30,31,32,33]. In contrast, Cr 3+ is widely touted as a trace essential metal that is required for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Chromium on Resistance Artery Function and Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Sucrose-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

2007

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Background: Consumption of high-glycemic index foods contributes to the development of hypertension in some patients. Likewise, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), high sucrose promotes a secondary rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Chromium (III) (Cr³⁺) prevents sucrose-induced hypertension, but leaves the basal hypertension that characterizes SHR intact. Methods: Since hypertension entails increased peripheral resistance, we compared effects of Cr³⁺ on resistance arteries from SHR fed low-glycemic (starch) versus high-glycemic (sucrose) index diets. Subgroups of SHR also received Cr³⁺. Structure, stiffness, and vasodilation of mesenteric resistance arteries were studied using pressurized myography. Results: Sucrose increased SBP in SHR and, exclusively in sucrose-fed SHR, Cr³⁺ reduced SBP and augmented acetylcholine or nitroprusside-dependent vasodilation. Neither sucrose nor Cr³⁺ affected artery structure or stiffness. Since Cr³⁺ enhanced vasodilation, we assessed endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), guanylate cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-1α and 1β), and PKG activity by immunoblotting. Sucrose reduced eNOS, PKG-1β, and PKG activity. Cr³⁺ prevented the effects of sucrose on NO signaling. Conclusion: In hypertension exacerbated by high-glycemic index diet, Cr³⁺ reduces SBP. The BP-lowering effect of Cr³⁺, selectively on sucrose-induced but not basal hypertension in SHR, involves at least in part, improving vasodilatory function vis-à-vis restoration of NO signaling in resistance arteries.

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“…Cr(III) is considered to be essential to mammals for the maintenance of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism, whereas Cr(VI) is detrimental to human health even at relatively low concentration levels, because it can be involved in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as liver, kidney, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers [48][49][50]. Cr(III) is a stable and biologically active state of Cr, and it is found in many types of foods, including egg yolk, whole grains, cereals, coffee, nuts, green beans, broccoli, meat, beer yeast, and drinks produced from grapes.…”

Section: Dietary Sources Of Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Exposure and Risk Associated with Metal Contamination in Foods

Coelho¹,

Pessoa²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2016

Significance, Prevention and Control of Food Related Diseases

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Humans require several trace elements as components of the diet. Some of these elements are required in extremely small quantities only micrograms per day . On the other hand, in higher concentrations, some elements may also have deleterious, even lethal, effects. Metals such as arsenic, chromium Cr , lead Pb , and mercury Hg are naturally occurring chemical compounds. The contamination of food with these metals occurs mainly through human activities, such as farming and industry, or from contamination during food processing and storage. People can be exposed to these metals by ingesting contaminated food or water, and their accumulation in the body can lead to harmful effects over time. The main objective of this chapter is to provide a literature review on the various types of foodborne poisoning caused by the contamination of food with arsenic, Cr, Pb, and Hg and on food safety issues associated with the presence of these metals in food. Research findings from various studies carried out to examine the relationship between metal exposure and the adverse health effects of metals are addressed.

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The Carcinogenicity of Chromium

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer

Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer

Effect of Dietary Chromium on Resistance Artery Function and Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Sucrose-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Potential Exposure and Risk Associated with Metal Contamination in Foods

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