Comparative ribotyping of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from members of the Canoidea gives possible evidence for host-specificity and co-evolution of bacteria and hosts.

Aarestrup, Frank Møller

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-4-1343

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1), confirming the genomic diversity of S. intermedius strains observed elsewhere by using EcoRI ribotyping (1,7,16). All the human strains and 89% of the canine strains belonged to the same types (C and J), supporting the transmission of S. intermedius from dogs to humans.…”

Section: Staphylococcus Intermedius Was Described By Hajek In 1976supporting

confidence: 66%

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Population Diversity of Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Various Host Species: Typing by 16S-23S Intergenic Ribosomal DNA Spacer Polymorphism Analysis

et al. 2002

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Section: Staphylococcus Intermedius Was Described By Hajek In 1976supporting

confidence: 66%

“…This bacterium has also been found in a wide range of animal species, including cats, goats, monkeys, free-living birds, badgers, raccoons, bears, and skunks (1,5,8,14,18), and also in cows' milk (6,25). S. intermedius mainly causes infections in nonhuman mammals.…”

Section: Staphylococcus Intermedius Was Described By Hajek In 1976mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Diversity of Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Various Host Species: Typing by 16S-23S Intergenic Ribosomal DNA Spacer Polymorphism Analysis

et al. 2002

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“…The remaining isolate of feline origin had an S. aureusspecific restriction profile. A previous study reported the isolation of S. intermedius from different species of the canoidea, including bears and foxes (1). Our data suggest that S. pseudintermedius may be the most common SIG species associated with these animals.…”

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confidence: 64%

Molecular Diagnostic Identification of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

et al. 2009

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We report the first diagnostic test for the identification of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius involving a simple PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. The method allows discrimination of S. pseudintermedius from the closely related members of the Staphylococcus intermedius group and other important staphylococcal pathogens of humans and dogs.Until recently, Staphylococcus intermedius was considered responsible for most cases of canine pyoderma, a major skin disease of dogs (8). However, using a multilocus sequencing approach, independent research groups have demonstrated that isolates phenotypically identified as Staphylococcus intermedius consist of three distinct species, including S. intermedius, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Staphylococcus delphini, which together represent the S. intermedius group (SIG) (1a, 4). Importantly, it was discovered that S. pseudintermedius, not S. intermedius, is the common canine pyoderma pathogen and that S. delphini, isolated from a variety of different animals, may be more clinically important than was previously thought (1a, 4). The recently identified S. pseudintermedius (5) is occasionally isolated from serious human infections, and the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius strains are major veterinary and public health issues (1a, 3, 4, 7, 11-13). Sasaki et al. could biochemically differentiate S. intermedius from the other SIG species but was unable to identify phenotypic markers to discriminate S. pseudintermedius, the most clinically relevant species, from S. delphini (12), and DNA sequencing is currently required to identify S. pseudintermedius (1a, 12). In order to address the need for a method of discriminating clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, we have developed a rapid, simple, and robust PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) approach which has been validated independently in laboratories in separate countries.Our previous population genetic study of SIG isolates examined sequence diversity at five gene loci among 104 isolates (1a). In the current study, sequence analysis of one of the loci, pta, which encodes the enzyme phosphoacetyltransferase, revealed the presence of an MboI restriction site in all S. pseudintermedius isolates, which was absent in all S. intermedius and S. delphini isolates examined. Based on this discovery we have designed a simple, robust, and inexpensive PCR-RFLP diagnostic test for the identification of S. pseudintermedius. Staphylococcal genomic DNA isolation was carried out as previously described (1a). PCR amplification of a 320-bp fragment of the pta gene was carried out in a 50-l volume with a 0.2 M concentration of each oligonucleotide primer (pta_f1, AAA GAC AAA CTT TCA GGT AA, and pta_r1, GCA TAA ACA AGC ATT GTA CCG), a 0.2 mM concentration of the de-* Corresponding author. Mailing address:

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“…1) showing that the exfoliative toxins from S. hyicus and S. aureus are almost as similar between the species as within each species could lead to speculations that horizontal gene transfer may occur within staphylococci. An earlier study indicated a host-specific evolution for Staphylococcus intermedius (1). Further analysis of strains of various Staphylococcus species and from different geographic regions may elucidate the evolution of exfoliative toxin genes within this genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Genes Encoding Staphylococcus hyicu s Exfoliative Toxin Types A, B, C, and D

Ahrens

Andresen

2004

J Bacteriol

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Exfoliative toxins produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus hyicus mediate exudative epidermitis in pigs. In this study the genes coding for four different exfoliative toxin from S. hyicus (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, and ExhD) were cloned and sequenced. The coding sequence of the four toxin genes ranged from 816 to 834 bp. The amino acid sequences of these four toxins were homologous to the earlier described exfoliative toxins SHETB from S. hyicus and ETA, ETB, and ETD from Staphylococcus aureus. The homology between the S. hyicus toxins was at the same level as the homology to the exfoliative toxins from S. aureus. The toxins showed similarity to serine proteases, including preservation of the catalytic tract in ExhA, ExhB, and ExhC. However, in ExhD, Asp in the putative catalytic tract was replaced with Glu. The recombinant toxins could be expressed in Escherichia coli, and three of the four toxins were recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against native exfoliative toxins.Certain strains of Staphylococcus hyicus can cause the skin disease exudative epidermitis in pigs. Exudative epidermitis is characterized by separation of the cells in the epidermis in the upper stratum spinosum, exfoliation of the skin, erythema, and serous exudation (4, 32). Spontaneous exudative epidermitis in pigs is a generalized infection of the skin caused by strains of S. hyicus, which are able to produce a disease-causing factor designated exfoliative toxin (28). The exfoliative toxins responsible for the characteristic lesion of exudative epidermitis have been identified and purified from strains in Japan and Denmark. These toxins have been characterized as exoproteins of approximately 27 kDa or 30 kDa (6, 24). The toxins isolated in Japan were designated SHETA and SHETB (25), and the toxins isolated in Denmark were designated ExhA, ExhB, and ExhC. One additional toxin antigenically distinct from these was provisionally designated ExhD (5). The toxins differ in their antigenic properties (5, 26); however, no comparison of the toxins isolated in Japan and in Denmark has been published.The complex of skin lesions called the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in humans (7, 10, 16) has several aspects in common with exudative epidermitis in pigs. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce exfoliative toxin ETA, ETB, or both (14). The exfoliative toxins from S. aureus, ETA and ETB, have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences have been determined (12,17,20,22). Investigations have shown that the gene encoding ETA is located on the chromosome of S. aureus, while the gene encoding ETB is located on a 42-kb plasmid (reviwed by Arbuthnott [7]). The molecular masses of mature ETA and ETB as deduced from the amino acid sequences were 26,951 Da and 27,318 Da, respectively (17). The differences in the composition of the amino acid sequences reflected the previously observed antigenic differences of the two toxins (8,13,34). A third exfoliative toxin from S. aureus, designat...

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Comparative ribotyping of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from members of the Canoidea gives possible evidence for host-specificity and co-evolution of bacteria and hosts.

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Population Diversity of Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Various Host Species: Typing by 16S-23S Intergenic Ribosomal DNA Spacer Polymorphism Analysis

Population Diversity of Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Various Host Species: Typing by 16S-23S Intergenic Ribosomal DNA Spacer Polymorphism Analysis

Molecular Diagnostic Identification of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Genes Encoding Staphylococcus hyicu s Exfoliative Toxin Types A, B, C, and D

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