Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Elevated Capacity for Photosynthesis in Polyphenol Oxidase Expression-Silenced Clematis terniflora DC. Leaves

Abstract

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones. Although the effects of PPO on plant physiology were recently proposed, little has been done to explore the inherent molecular mechanisms. To explore the in vivo physiological functions of PPO, a model with decreased PPO expression and enzymatic activity was constructed on Clematis terniflora DC. using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. Proteomics was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the model (VC) and empty vector-carrying plants (VV) untreated or exposed to high levels of UV-B and dark (HUV-B+D). Following integration, it was concluded that the DEPs mainly functioned in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and redox in the PPO silence plants. Mapman analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly involved in light reaction and Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Further analysis illustrated that the expression level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, the content of chlorophyll, and the photosynthesis rate were increased in VC plants compared to VV plants pre- and post HUV-B+D. These results indicate that the silence of PPO elevated the plant photosynthesis by activating the glycolysis process, regulating Calvin cycle and providing ATP for energy metabolism. This study provides a prospective approach for increasing crop yield in agricultural production.

RNA-Seq analysis reveals an essential role of tyrosine metabolism pathway in response to root-rot infection in Gerbera hybrida

“…Its expression and transcript level were persuaded by mechanical injury, pathogen infection, fungal and bacterial pathogenesis, and JA or salicylic acid in plant defense mechanisms [64, 65]. The silence of PPO gene enhanced the plant photosynthesis by stimulating the glycolysis process, regulating Calvin cycle and giving ATP for energy metabolism [66]. PPO activity in vivo typically occurs in damaged plant tissues that have lost cellular compartmentalization.…”

Evaluation of the relationship between previous statin use and thyroid cancer using Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data

“…The authors suggested that statins, as HMG-CoA reductases, inhibited the prenylation of proteins, such as p21-RAS 17 . Moreover, lovastatin treatment in combination with troglitazone exhibited antiproliferation effects in a mouse xenografted anaplastic thyroid cancer model, which might be due to the effects of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phases and reduction in hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein-E2F1 signaling 18 . In a retrospective study, statin treatment for 5 or more years was related to a lower rate of thyroid nodules in dyslipidemic patients (adjusted OR = 0.312, 95% CI 0.156–0.625, P < 0.001) 28 .…”

“…The impacts of statins on thyroid cancer have been controversial 15 . Several in vitro or in vivo studies have demonstrated protective effects of statins against thyroid cancer 16 – 18 . As with other types of tumors, tumor cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis promotion have been suggested as possible molecular mechanisms for the anticancer effects of statins in thyroid cancer 16 – 18 .…”

“…Several in vitro or in vivo studies have demonstrated protective effects of statins against thyroid cancer 16 – 18 . As with other types of tumors, tumor cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis promotion have been suggested as possible molecular mechanisms for the anticancer effects of statins in thyroid cancer 16 – 18 . Interestingly, cell cycle arrest by statins was prevented by estrogen in breast cancer cell lines 19 , 20 .…”

Plant Proteomic Research 2.0: Trends and Perspectives

“…Hao et al [12] indicated that a high temperature enhances the function of photosynthesis and auxin biosynthesis to promote the process of bolting, which is in line with the physiology and transcription levels of auxin metabolism. Furthermore, drought stress [13] and ultraviolet-B stress [14] were also used for mechanism analyses in maize and Clematis terniflora DC, respectively.…”