Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Amaranthus hybridus L. Roots Under Cadmium Stress

Abstract

Amaranthus hybridus L. has great potential for use in phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). In this study, we found higher absorption of Cd by the roots of A. hybridus than by its other organs. To understand the mechanism of Cd accumulation in A. hybridus roots, a comparative proteomic approach was used to differentiate the two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of root proteins in Cd-free and Cd-treated plants. Twenty-eight differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified using matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-offlight mass spectrometry. Of these, 10 were specifically expressed under Cd stress, and another 11 were upregulated and 7 downregulated by >2.5-fold under Cd stress. We observed increased expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein metabolism, stress and defense, and signal transduction. These changes likely enhanced Cd tolerance and enrichment in A. hybridus. The downregulated proteins were mainly involved in the synthesis of microRNAs, cell walls, and other structural components. These observations were further confirmed by quantitative fluorescence PCR. The resulting differences in protein expression patterns suggest that redirection of root cell metabolism might be an important survival mechanism for A. hybridus under Cd stress.

Modulation of arsenic-induced oxidative stress and protein metabolism by diphenyleneiodonium, 24-epibrassinolide and proline in Glycine max L.

“…If not eliminated readily, such proteins may form large aggregates due to covalent cross-linking, that may lead to cell death (Karmous et al 2014). Both protease and proteasome are involved in the removal of such aggregated and damaged proteins from the cell (Jin et al 2016). The results revealed that activities of both protease and proteasome increased in the presence of As more than in their respective controls, and this is well supported by the report of Jin et al (2016).…”

“…Both protease and proteasome are involved in the removal of such aggregated and damaged proteins from the cell (Jin et al 2016). The results revealed that activities of both protease and proteasome increased in the presence of As more than in their respective controls, and this is well supported by the report of Jin et al (2016). Improved protease and proteasome could be the consequence of an increased need to remove oxidatively damaged proteins from the cell (Karmous et al 2014).…”

Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Contrasting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties to PEG-Induced Osmotic Stress

“…Tubulin is the subunit of cellular microfilaments and microtubules. Tubulin α and β are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton ( Wasteneys, 2004 ; Jin et al, 2016 ). Sengupta et al (2011) observed the repression of tubulin proteins in roots of Vigna radiata during a 3-day drought stress treatment.…”

Diversity in Grain Amaranths and Relatives Distinguished by Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS)

“…They are one of the few genera among dicotyledonous plants to have developed the more efficient C4 photosynthesis method of CO 2 fixation as compared to C3 photosynthesis typical in most other families ( Sage, 2004 ). Grain amaranths are known to be tolerant of abiotic stresses, including water scarcity ( Brenner et al, 2010 ), saline or poor fertility soils ( Nasir et al, 2016 ; Saucedo et al, 2017 ), intense solar radiation and even severe defoliation ( Castrillón-Arbeláez et al, 2012 ; Vargas-Ortiz et al, 2013 ; Jin et al, 2016 ). They also have few diseases although they do suffer from insect herbivory ( Castrillón-Arbeláez et al, 2012 ; Massange-Sanchez et al, 2015 ).…”