Comparative physiological responses of Solanum nigrum and Solanum torvum to cadmium stress

Abstract

Summary• Under cadmium (Cd) stress, Solanum nigrum accumulated threefold more Cd in its leaves and was tolerant to Cd, whereas its low Cd-accumulating relative, Solanum torvum, suffered reduced growth and marked oxidative damage. However, the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for differential Cd accumulation and tolerance between the two Solanum species are largely unknown.• Here, the involvement of antioxidative capacity and the accumulation of organic and amino acids in response to Cd stress in the two Solanum species were assessed.• Solanum nigrum contains higher antioxidative capacity than does S. torvum under Cd toxicity. Metabolomics analysis indicated that Cd treatment also markedly increased the production of several organic and amino acids in S. nigrum. Pretreatment with proline and histidine increased Cd accumulation; moreover, pretreatment with citric acid increased Cd accumulation in leaves but decreased Cd accumulation in roots, which indicates that its biosynthesis could be linked to Cd long-distance transport and accumulation in leaves.• Our data provide novel metabolite evidence regarding the enhancement of citric acid and amino acid biosynthesis in Cd-treated S. nigrum, support the role of these metabolites in improving Cd tolerance and accumulation, and may help to provide a better understanding of stress adaptation in other Solanum species.

Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach

“…Plants exposed to toxic metals accumulated specific AAs, which may have beneficial functions and play various roles (Xu et al 2012a, 2012b, Pavlíková et al 2014a. Chaffei et al (2004) suggested that an increase in the proportion of high N:C by AAs, is a protective strategy in plants.…”

“…cumulate specific amino acid (AAs), which may have beneficial functions and play various roles in plants (Xu et al 2012b, Pavlíková et al 2014a.…”

Effect of Heavy Metals on Biochemical Profile of Azolla filiculoides

“…Plants that were exposed to toxic metals have also been shown to accumulate specific AA, which may have beneficial functions. The AA which are accumulated under heavy metal stress, play various roles in plants, including acting as signaling molecules, and osmolytes, regulating ion transport and facilitating detoxification (Xu et al, 2012). Reports of the role of AA in the hyper accumulation of metals by plants are limited.…”

The Nitrification Inhibitor Methyl 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Propionate Modulates Root Development by Interfering with Auxin Signaling via the NO/ROS Pathway

“…For example, both PIN2 and AUX1 are required for plant adaptation to alkaline stress. PIN2 induces alkaline stress adaptation via a PKS5-mediated signaling cascade to modulate proton secretion in root tips to maintain primary root (PR) elongation (Xu et al, 2012;. AUX1 is involved in alkaline stressinduced RSA remodeling via ethylene-mediated auxin accumulation .…”