Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach

Zemanová, Veronika; Pavlı́k, Milan; Pavlı́ková, Daniela; Kyjaková, Pavlína

doi:10.17221/274/2015-pse

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…α-linolenic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids regardless of the tested treatment accounting for more than 81% of total detected fatty acids, while polyunsaturated fatty acids was the most abundant class (83.3%-87.9%) due to the rich content of α-linolenic acid (66.44%-75.7%). Similar results regarding the composition and classification of fatty acids in spinach leaves were reported by Zemanová et al [59] and Maeda et al [60] who highlighted the rich content of spinach leaves in polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids in particular. In what concerns the effects of single factors on the fatty acid classes and the main fatty acids content (the statistical analysis is not presented), saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids content was higher in Viroflay than Fuji plants, whereas the opposite trend was recorded for polyunsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 88%

The Effects of Biostimulants, Biofertilizers and Water-Stress on Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Two Spinach Genotypes (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2019

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In the present study, the effect of biostimulants application on the nutritional quality and bioactive properties of spinach cultivated in protected environment under water stress conditions was evaluated. For this purpose, four commercially available biostimulant products (Megafol (MEG), Aminovert (AM), Veramin Ca (V), Twin Antistress (TA), and two spinach genotypes (Fuji F1 and Viroflay) were tested under two irrigation regimes (normal irrigation (W+), and water-holding (W–). Fat and carbohydrates content was favored by water stress when Megafol (MEGW+) and Veramin (VW+) were applied on Fuji plants, while calorific value was also increased by MEGW+ treatment. In contrast, protein and ash content increased when AMW– and TAW+ were applied on Viroflay plants. Raffinose and glucose were the most abundant sugars, followed by sucrose and fructose, with the highest contents recorded for Fuji plants when AMW+ (fructose, glucose and total carbohydrates), CW– (sucrose), and TAW– (raffinose) treatments were applied. Regarding organic acids, oxalic and malic acid which had the highest contents for the TAW– (Viroflay plants) and AMW– (Fuji plants) treatments, respectively. α- and γ-tocopherol were the only isoforms detected with MEGW– and VW– inducing the biosynthesis of α-tocopherol, while AMW+ increased γ-tocopherol content in Fuji plants. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic and linoleic acids which were detected in the highest amounts in AMW–, AMW+, and TAW+ the former and in AMW–, VW–, and CW+ the latter. Regarding phenolic compounds content, peak 12 (5,3′,4′-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6:7-methylenedioxyflavone-4′-glucuronide) was the most abundant compound, especially in Viroflay plants under normal irrigation and no biostimulants added (CW–). The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the tested samples did not show promising results when compared with the positive controls, while a variable antibacterial activity was recorded depending on the tested biostimulant, irrigation regime and genotype. In conclusion, a variable effect of the tested biostimulants and irrigation regimes was observed on bioactive properties and chemical composition of both spinach genotypes which highlights the need for further research in order to make profound conclusions regarding the positive effects of biostimulants under water stress conditions.

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Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 88%

The Effects of Biostimulants, Biofertilizers and Water-Stress on Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Two Spinach Genotypes (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2019

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“…In mature leaves and roots 2-hydroxisebacic and behenic acids were 3-5-fold up-regulated. These results were consistent with the data reported by Zemanová et al (Zemanová et al, 2015) for the spinach leaves, which demonstrated an increase in saturated FAs accompanied by a decrease in unsaturated FAs in response to increasing doses of Cd 2+ . The stronger effects in the young leaves might be explained by the role of, for example, stearic and myristic acids in wax and cutin biosynthesis, especially in growing tissues (Post-Beittenmiller, 1996;Koch and Barthlott, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Metabolic responses to zinc stress in Amaranthus caudatus roots and leaves

Osmolovskaya

Bilova

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During the last decades, pollution with heavy metals (HM) became an important stress factor for plants. However, due to their biochemical plasticity, plants can adjust their metabolism to ensure survival under changing environmental conditions. In the most comprehensive and straightforward way these metabolic shifts can be addressed by the untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. However, although this methodology is well-established for cadmium-related responses, comprehensive metabolomics studies of Zn-induced metabolic shifts are still missing. Therefore, here we propose, to the best of our knowledge, the first gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics study of Zn2+-induced stress responses in amaranth. Thereby, 419 metabolites could be annotated and 144 of them were unambiguously identified. The metabolic shifts were organ-specific and more pronounced in roots. The most of the responsive metabolites were up-regulated and dominated with sugars and, to a lesser extent, TCA-related organic acids (a total of 51 and 41, respectively) that could be attributed to their involvement in osmoregulation, ROS scavenging and complexation of Zn2+ ions. Galactose was the most Zn2+-responsive root sugar that indicated its possible role in Zn2+ ion binding to the root cell walls. A 59-fold increase of gluconate content in roots clearly indicated its involvement in Zn2+ chelation. A high Zn2+–induced up-regulation of salicylic acid in roots and shoots suggested a key role of this hormone in the activation of Zn2+ stress tolerance mechanisms. Thus, our study provides the first insight in the general trends in Zn-induced biochemical rearrangements and main adaptive metabolic shifts in A. caudatus plants.

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“…Here, aspartic acid (Asp), Ser, glutamic acid (Glu), and Gly were monitored as metabolic markers in response to CPF exposure, with the trend in their alterations showing a similar pattern to that of free amino acid (Figures a and S10d). Glu is involved in nitrogen assimilation and transport within the plants, serving as the nitrogen donors in the biosynthesis of all essential amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds . The nitrogen metabolism depends on three key enzymes, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glu is involved in nitrogen assimilation and transport within the plants, serving as the nitrogen donors in the biosynthesis of all essential amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds. 38 The nitrogen metabolism depends on three key enzymes, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In the present study, the expressions of the gene for these enzymes were upregulated (Os03g0223400, Os04g0543900, Os03g0720300, and Os02g0650900), indicating that the nitrogen assimilation was enhanced by CPF stresses (Figure 3b).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Metabolic Perturbations in Oryza sativa L. Triggered by Three Pesticides

Liu

Zhu

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Inappropriate application of pesticides often triggers molecular alterations in crops, which inadvertently disturbs metabolites and finally affects crop quality. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action of pesticides on crops is essential for evaluating the potential environmental impact of pesticides. Our findings indicated that three typical pesticides, including herbicide butachlor, insecticide chlorpyrifos, and fungicide tricyclazole, induced the expression regulation of different key genes, exhibiting considerable distinction on metabolic responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Butachlor mainly affected five carbohydrate metabolism pathways (38.5%), and more than 48.0% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism as well as photosynthesis, thereby disturbing the distribution of starch-sucrose. Chlorpyrifos dramatically affected six amino acid metabolism pathways (60.0%), and key DEGs mainly enriched in the aspartate and glutamate metabolism, inducing an increase in free amino acid contents (up to 29.02% of the control) and degradation of soluble proteins (down to 48.72% of the control). Tricyclazole remarkably affected six fatty acid metabolism pathways (53.9%) and significantly upregulated DEGs which primarily code oil-body membrane proteins, which resulted in the decline of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and the increase of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid and octadecadienoic acid). These findings provide a molecular-scale perspective on the response of crops to pesticides.

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Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

The Effects of Biostimulants, Biofertilizers and Water-Stress on Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Two Spinach Genotypes (Spinacia oleracea L.)

The Effects of Biostimulants, Biofertilizers and Water-Stress on Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Two Spinach Genotypes (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Metabolic responses to zinc stress in Amaranthus caudatus roots and leaves

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Metabolic Perturbations in Oryza sativa L. Triggered by Three Pesticides

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