Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after a single intramuscular administration at two dosages to camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Abstract

Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent used exclusively in veterinary medicine. This agent has a broadspectrum microbial activity including most aerobic Gramnegative and some aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Its spectrum of activity and pharmacokinetic profile suggest good tissue penetration making this drug a suitable second choice treatment especially for dermatological and pulmonary infections. Marbofloxacin is mainly eliminated in urine in its active form making it a suitable alternative for the treatment of urinary tract infections (Schneider et al., 1996). A previous study has shown that the main clinical problems in adult dromedaries are dermatological and pulmonary infections whereas in young dromedaries infectious diarrhoea is of major clinical importance (Bengoumi & Faye, 2002). Marbofloxacin might be a suitable antimicrobial agent for the treatment of these diseases in the camel. The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin are well documented in bovine species, but not in camels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the disposition of this fluoroquinolone in camels following administration of a single dose at a dosage of 2 and 4 mg/kg b.w. intramuscularly (i.m.).The study was carried out on five healthy male camels, 5-13 years old and ranging in body weight from 291 to 535 kg. They were individually stabled and were fed barley (2 kg/day each) and had free access to hay and water. No drugs had been administered previously to these animals.All the camels were administered a 10% aqueous solution of the base form of marbofloxacin (Vétoquinol, Lure, France) at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w., i.m., in the right thigh. After a wash-out period of 2 weeks, the same animals were administered the same solution at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. i.m. in the right thigh. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected from the right jugular vein just before drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h after administration. Blood samples were centrifuged (2600 g for 10 min) and plasma was stored at )20°C until analysis.The plasma concentration of marbofloxacin were determined by a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (295 nm) using the method described by Schneider et al. (1996). The standard curve of marbofloxacin in camel plasma was linear between 0.1 and 5 lg/mL with a determination coefficient (r 2 ) of 99.8%. The recovery measured on linear dosage interval was 96%. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 5%. The limit of quantification was established at 0.

Pharmacokinetic variables of moxifloxacin in healthy male camels following intravenous and intramuscular administration

“…, 2007). The maximum time of absorption of moxifloxacin in the camel ( t max = 1.04 ± 0.14 h) is close to that observed for marbofloxacin in the same animal species (1.0 ± 0.56 h) (Laraje et al. , 2006), and was higher than that recorded for moxifloxacin in lactating goats (1.7 ± 1.20 h) (Carceles et al.…”

“…Conversely, the present value was higher than that reported after i.m. administration of marbofloxacin in camels (71.95%) (Laraje et al. , 2006).…”

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Marbofloxacin in Pig against Korean Local Isolates ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

“…After i.m. administration, the elimination half-life of marbofloxacin in the present study (12.8 h) was shorter than that obtained in pigs (17.3 h) [23], much longer than those obtained in goats (6.77 h) [17], horses (5.74 h) [33], calves (4.7 h) [38], and camels (7.98 h) [39], and also apparently longer than that obtained after i.v. administration in this study.…”

Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin in pigs after a single intramuscular injection

“…In addition to that in pigs, marbofloxacin pharmacokinetics have been investigated in other species. After intramuscular injection, the t 1/2λz was 1.96, 3.15, 3.65, 7.16, 7.72, and 17.50 h in ostriches [4], ducks [8], sheep [15], camels [11], rabbits [13], and calves [17], respectively. These results indicate that the elimination of marbofloxacin from pigs is slower than that in other species.…”