Comparative Pharmacokinetic Studies of Four Ginsenosides in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS after Oral Administration of Panax quinquefolius-Acorus gramineus and Panax quinquefolius Extracts

Abstract

Panax quinquefolius (PQ) and Acorus gramineus (AG) are drug target pairs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which are used to treat age-related diseases. In the present study, we simultaneously determined the contents of four main bioactive ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rd, and Re) in rat plasma using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Plasma specimens were purified by using the solid-phase extraction procedure, and separation was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The established UPLC-MS/MS method showed good linear correlation (r ≥ 0.9978), stability (−11.93 to 12.11%), precision (RSD < 14.63%), and recovery (76.43%–95.20%). The lower limit of quantification was 3.6 ng/mL for Rb1, 1.6 ng/mL for Rb2, 1.2 ng/mL for Rd, and 2.5 ng/mL for Re. This validated method was successfully employed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the four ginsenosides in rat plasma after oral administration of PQ-AG and PQ extracts. The results revealed the pharmacokinetic profiles of PQ-AG drug pair and clarified that AG played a critical role in stimulating the absorption of active ginsenosides in PQ. Collectively, our findings provided valid and reliable evidence for the rational use of PQ-AG in clinical practice.

Magnetic covalent‐organic frameworks‐based extraction followed by UHPLC‐MS/MS for determination and pharmacokinetic study of trace angoroside C in rat plasma after oral administration of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule

“…The reason is that the standard solution of Ang C was orally administered to rats in the literature, while in this study rats were given a Chinese medicine compound preparation of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule solution. It indicated that there were synergistic effects between the other compounds in the Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule solution and angoroside C, thereby delaying the adsorption of angoroside C [29, 30]. In addition, although the content of Ang C in Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule is extremely low, this method can sensitively detect trace amounts of Ang C in plasma, which proves the advantages of this method.…”

Applications of magnetic solid‐phase extraction in the sample preparation of natural product analysis (2020–2023)

“…The developed method showed high accuracy (recovery in the range of 93.18%–105.36%) and linearity (0.1–5 ng/mL), low LOQ (0.1 ng/mL), and good precision (RSD in the range of 3.60%–10.90%). The pharmacokinetic study results revealed that synergistic effects between the other compounds in the Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule solution and angoroside C resulted in a delay in the adsorption of angoroside C [100]. The study provided a new analytical method for the quantitative analysis of trace angoroside C in complex biological samples, which can also be applied in the determination of other similar highly polar polyhydroxyl compounds in blood, in spite of the lack of selectivity research and the complexity of COF preparation.…”

Ginsenoside Rb2: A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects

“… 19810 ± 27900 0.083 200630 ± 28300 15.4 ± 3.7 SD rats ShenMai 10.4 mL/kg i.v. NA NA 1,283,136 ± 395,609 75.4 ± 47.3 [ 14 ] SD rats RGE 1.5 g/kg for 7 d gavage 10.0 ± 1.0 3.3 ± 1.2 282.8 ± 58.9 30.2 ± 5.2 [ 15 ] 1.5 g/kg for 15 d gavage 8.8 ± 3.6 3.0 ± 3.1 317.0 ± 145.9 68.7 ± 26.9 SD rats GE 120 mg/kg gavage 330.4 ± 70.8 7.0 ± 2.0 10224 ± 1706 19.4 ± 2.9 [ 18 ] GE + SLE 120 ± 500 mg/kg gavage 540.9 ± 45.0 9.5 ± 3.0 22310 ± 5273 19.0 ± 3.8 SD rats PQ extract 0.54 g/kg gavage 160.1 ± 18.8 7.7 ± 0.8 1229.9 ± 99.6 13.3 ± 1.6 [ 67 ] PQ-AG extract 0.54 g/kg gavage 264.1 ± 24.5 7.7 ± 0.8 1229.9 ± 99.6 15.6 ± 5.2 SD rats Shen-Fu 4.75 g/kg gavage 59.7 ± 15.6 28.0 ± 6.2 3167.7 ± 700.9 19.7 ± 3.2 [ 68 ] SD rats Ginseng berry extract 600 mg/kg gavage 395.0 ± 285.0 10.0 ± 2.0 376 ± 214 15.9 ± 1.4 [ 69 ] SD rats RGE …”