Ginsenoside Rb2: A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects

Miao, Longxing; Yang, Yijun; Li, Zhongwen; Fang, Zengjun; Zhang, Yongqing; Han, Chunchao

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.007

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ginsenoside Re ( Chen et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Yu et al, 2020 ) has been shown to promote angiogenesis and related cardiac electrophysiological activities. Ginsenoside C ( Xue et al, 2020 ) can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury ( Huang et al, 2014 ; Miao et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). Gensenosides B2, C, F5, and M7cd are rarely studied with regards to their pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the pharmacological effect and mechanism of mountain-cultivated ginseng and garden ginseng in cardiovascular diseases based on network pharmacology and zebrafish experiments

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) is a kind of perennial herb of the Panax genus in the Araliaceae family. The secondary metabolites of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and garden ginseng (GG) vary greatly due to their different growth environments. To date, the differences in their pharmacological effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their clinical applications remain unclear. To distinguish between the components of MCG and GG, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed. Next, the relationship between the expression of metabolites and the categories of the sample were analyzed using supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A network-based pharmacology approach was developed and applied to determine the underlying mechanism of different metabolites in CVD. In the present study, the role of MCG and GG in angiogenesis and their protective effects on damaged blood vessels in a vascular injury model of zebrafish were investigated. Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, 11 different metabolites between MCG and GG were identified. In addition, 149 common target genes associated with the metabolites and CVD were obtained; these targets were related to tumor protein P53, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, human ubiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein, ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a, polyubiquitin B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, glycose synthase kinase-3B, and coagulation factor II and were associated with the regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, which play important roles in the curative effect in CVD treatment. Both types of ginseng can promote the growth of the subintestinal vessel plexus and protect injured intersegmental vessels through the HIF-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MCG has a stronger impact than GG. This is the first time metabolomics and network pharmacology methods were combined to study the difference between MCG and GG on CVDs, which provides a significant theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of CVD with two kinds of ginseng.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the pharmacological effect and mechanism of mountain-cultivated ginseng and garden ginseng in cardiovascular diseases based on network pharmacology and zebrafish experiments

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neuroprotective [14], anti-diabetic [15], mitochondrial antioxidant [16] *B< [12,17] 0.86 ± 0.09 vs. 25.36 ± 1.67 [17] 9.03 ± 0.60 vs. ND [18] ND vs. 48.51 ± 1.79 [19] ND vs. 47.96 ± 1.04 [19] Rb2 Anti-diabetic, anti-viral, cardioprotective, neuroprotective [20] *B> [12,17,21] 1.54 ± 0.95 vs. 0.3 ± 0.02 [17]…”

Section: Rb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the berry's high concentration of Rb3, Re, Rb2, and Rd, the ginsenosides with demonstrated antidepressant and neuroprotective effects [20,22,27,30,31], it could be expected that the berry has even a superior potential for mental health applications than the root. Still, root extracts and specific ginsenosides have been the subject of most research and have consistently demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo models in the context of central nervous system diseases and depression [53,54].…”

Section: Rg3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research evaluating the efficacy of ginsenoside Rb2 is scarce in the context of mental health, though it has been shown to protect against glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal cells [69]. Miao et al have recently written a review compiling the pharmacological effects of Rb2, which include inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through multiple pathways [20]. Although these effects were not tested in neurological models, some described pathways (SIRT1, AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB) are relevant for many neurological conditions.…”

Section: Ginsenoside Rb2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Untapped Potential of Ginsenosides and American Ginseng Berry in Promoting Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis

St-Laurent

Hammami

2022

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the popularity of the ginseng (Panax) root in health research and on the market, the ginseng berry’s potential remains relatively unexplored. Implementing ginseng berry cultivations and designing berry-derived products could improve the accessibility to mental health-promoting nutraceuticals. Indeed, the berry could have a higher concentration of neuroprotective and antidepressant compounds than the root, which has already been the subject of research demonstrating its efficacy in the context of neuroprotection and mental health. In this review, data on the berry’s application in supporting mental health via the gut–brain axis is compiled and discussed.

show abstract

“…Tubeimosides are saponins present in tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum with anticancer activity via various mechanisms that were shown in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies (Islam et al 2019). Some recent reviews cover data on other single saponins with well-studied anticancer potential, such as ginsenosides Rb2, Rg3, Rh2 (Wu et al 2021b;Miao et al 2022), chikusetsusaponins (Wang et al 2021c), saporin-S6 (Chandra et al 2021), saikosaponin D (Sun et al 2020;Zhou et al 2021) or raddeanin A (Naz et al 2020). The data summarized in Table S1 (Supplementary Information) reflect the varied effects of the investigated compounds on cell lines derived from different organs and tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2021). Part II—Triterpene saponins

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Saponins make up an important group of natural glycosidic compounds which are distinguished by triterpene or steroidal aglycone. Although widely distributed in terrestrial flora, especially higher plants, they can also be found in some marine organisms. Cytotoxic activity is one of the most frequently reported from a wide array of pharmacological activities known for these metabolites. The current review is an update of our previous paper—Saponins as cytotoxic agents (Podolak et al. Phytochem Rev 9:425–474, 2010), and covers studies that were since published (2010–2021). This part refers to triterpene saponins and complements the first, which was devoted solely to steroidal saponins (Sobolewska et al. Phytochem Rev 19:139–189, 2020). Cytotoxic activities in vitro and in vivo are presented with a main focus on structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of action.

show abstract

Ginsenoside Rb2: A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects

Cited by 19 publications

References 71 publications

Investigation of the pharmacological effect and mechanism of mountain-cultivated ginseng and garden ginseng in cardiovascular diseases based on network pharmacology and zebrafish experiments

Investigation of the pharmacological effect and mechanism of mountain-cultivated ginseng and garden ginseng in cardiovascular diseases based on network pharmacology and zebrafish experiments

The Untapped Potential of Ginsenosides and American Ginseng Berry in Promoting Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis

Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2021). Part II—Triterpene saponins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About