Comparative performance analysis and material exploration of ECO-friendly highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Recent development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is directed toward the search for lead-free material with superior efficiency, owing to the intoxication and stability issues associated with the lead-based PSCs. Despite the efforts, plenty of exploration is still required to attain the optimum material for perovskite, along with the electron transport layer (ETL), and hole transport layer (HTL). In this study, two less explored perovskite materials Cesium Tin Germanium Halide (CsSnGeI3) and Cesium Copper Antimony Chloride nanocrystals are compared to their Pb-based counterpart of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3). Thorough numerical investigations and comparative evaluation of these three material-based PSCs were done using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). Based on the suitable band alignment with the absorber layers, three selected distinct ETL (TiO2, ZnO, PCBM) and HTL (Cu2O, CZTSe, CuSCN) materials demonstrated excellent compatibility. The effect of back metal contact, temperature, series, and shunt resistance on the photovoltaic parameters was also elucidated for all three perovskite materials. Increasing the work function of back contact up to 5.9 eV improves the photovoltaic parameters, indicating selenium to be an optimum material. Numerical analysis of 27 attainable structures yields the best one to be CZTSe/CsSnGeI3/PCBM with a power conversion efficiency of 32.41% ( J S C = 28.73 mA cm−2, V O C = 1.29 V, and FF = 87.35%). The PCE obtained from these structures ranges from 25.14% to 32.41%, indicating that all the reported structures here have the potential to be highly efficient, lead-free, and stable solar cell structures.

Optical, thermal, and electrical analysis of perovskite solar cell with grated cds and embedded plasmonic Au nanoparticles

“…Three fundamental equations regulate the behavior of carriers in solar devices: the Poisson equation, the carrier continuity equation, and the drift-diffusion charge transport model equations. The Poisson equation describes the connection between the electric field produced at a P-N junction and the space charge density, and it may be represented as [35]…”

Readiness Assessment of Public University in Bangladesh for Education 4.0: A Case Study of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology – Sylhet, Bangladesh

“…Three fundamental equations regulate the behavior of carriers in solar devices: the Poisson equation, the carrier continuity equation, and the drift-diffusion charge transport model equations. The Poisson equation describes the connection between the electric field produced at a P-N junction and the space charge density, and it may be represented as [26]…”

“…Hole and electron densities are denoted by 𝑝(𝑥) and 𝑛(𝑥), whereas trapped densities are shown by 𝑝 𝑡𝑟 𝑎 𝑝 (𝑥) and 𝑛 𝑡𝑟 𝑎 𝑝 (𝑥), respectively. Also, the following are the electron and hole carrier continuity equations [26].…”

Comprehensive Review on Thin Film Homojunction Solar Cells: Technologies, Progress and Challenges

“…Tin (Sn), germanium (Ge), and other candidates are alternate metals for replacing lead in perovskite structures [54,[116][117][118][119]. Most of the research studies investigated the lead-free perovskite materials in heterojunction structures [120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]; however, the p-n homojunction-based leadfree PVK TFSC exploration still requires more attention to attain the optimum material for perovskite with/without an ETL and/or HTL. The first study to examine a lead-free hybrid hetero-homojunction PVK TFSC was carried out by M.S.…”