Comparative patterns in taxonomic and functional spider diversities between tropical vs. temperate forests

Abstract

The latitudinal gradient of diversity, that is increase in species richness with decreasing latitude, has long been recognized by the scientific community (Pianka, 1966). Gradients of diversity in various arthropod taxa from tropical to temperate and even polar ecosystems are well documented through meta-analyses (Willig et al., 2003; but see Hillebrand, 2004). Arthropods were particularly studied in tropical rainforests (the species richest terrestrial ecosystem: Miller et al., 2002) where nearly 1.5 million tropical arthropod species are currently described out of an estimated number of 2 to 7 million tropical arthropod species (Hamilton et al., 2010; Stork, 2017). Herbivorous arthropod assemblages have been extensively studied in both tropical and temperate forests with studies of diversity, species richness per plant, host specificity, and herbivory pressure. Herbivore arthropod diversity, as well as rate of herbivory, are considered higher in tropical systems compared to temperate counter

Predation on sentinel prey increases with increasing latitude in Brassica‐dominated agroecosystems

“…However, little data exists to contextualize why arthropod predator richness in our model agroecosystem was not influenced by latitude. To the best of our knowledge, only three other studies (Jaffe et al, 2007;Jeanne, 1979;Privet & Pétillon, 2020) we found within-site variation in weed tolerance and intercropping practices thought to support arthropod predator richness, we did not find variation in these practices among sites. This indicates that the availability of predator resources thought to enhance predator richness (Root, 1973) is independent of latitude in Brassica cropping systems.…”

“…However, little data exists to contextualize why arthropod predator richness in our model agroecosystem was not influenced by latitude. To the best of our knowledge, only three other studies (Jaffe et al, 2007; Jeanne, 1979; Privet & Pétillon, 2020) have applied standardized sampling protocols to assess if arthropod predators are more diverse at tropical latitudes. Results from these studies do support the latitudinal diversity gradient, however, each assessed just one predatory taxon (ants or spiders) and only Jeanne (1979) examined a true latitudinal gradient across more than two sites.…”

Higher alpha and gamma, but not beta diversity in tropical than in Mediterranean temporary ponds: A multi‐taxon spatiotemporal approach

“…Higher (transformed) Shannon and Simpson diversities in tropical ponds, apart from the effect of higher species richness, also reflected higher evenness in most groups, although the differences between regions were only significant in microinvertebrates and bacteria. In other words, species proportions in tropical ponds were more evenly distributed (not necessarily implying less rarity but maybe less dominance), a pattern also found in tropical spider communities by Privet and Petillon (2020). More intense and frequent biotic interactions in tropical ponds, such as predation, competition or facilitation, could determine the patterns observed (MacArthur 1972).…”

Abundancia Y Fenología De Artrópodos Depredadores en Soja: Análisis Preliminar

“…Una vez estimada la eficiencia del muestreo, se estimó y se comparó la diversidad utilizando los índices de Shannon-Wienner y de Simpson. Considerando que reflejan dos parámetros distintos de la diversidad, el primero es afectado por las especies raras, mientras que el segundo refleja la dominancia y es afectado por la abundancia de las especies más frecuentes (Pinkus Rendón et al, 2006), se usan ambos índices como parámetros frecuentes para evaluar la diversidad (Rubio & Moreno, 2010;Privet & Pétillon, 2020). El índice de Shannon se comparó entre las distintas etapas fenológicas mediante un análisis de Bootstrap con 100 iteraciones y un intervalo de confianza del 95%, este análisis puede ser empleado para comparar los valores de los índices de diversidad cuando las réplicas son escasas (Gardener, 2014).…”