Comparative pathogenicity of H5N6 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chicken, Pekin duck and Muscovy duck

Uchida, Yuko; Mine, Junki; Takemae, Nobuhiro; Tanikawa, Taichiro; Tsunekuni, Ryota; Saito, Takehiko

doi:10.1111/tbed.13141

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This involved a white-tailed eagle and a common buzzard, both found dead in Denmark. Given the susceptibility of these species to severe disease from HPAI virus infections (van den Brand et al, 2015;Krone et al, 2018), it is likely that HPAI virus A(H5N6) infection was the cause of death of these two birds; pathological analysis would be needed to confirm this. The most likely route of infection of these two raptors is hunting or scavenging infected wild waterfowl (van den Brand et al, 2015).…”

Section: Hpai In Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview November 2018 – February 2019

Adlhoch¹,

Kuiken²,

Monne³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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No human infections due to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) or A(H5N6) viruses ‐ detected in wild birds and poultry outbreaks in Europe ‐ have been reported so far and the risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered very low. Between 16 November 2018 and 15 February 2019, two HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry establishments in Bulgaria, two HPAI A(H5N6) outbreaks in wild birds in Denmark and one low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N3) in captive birds in the Netherlands were reported in the European Union (EU). Genetic characterisation of the HPAI A(H5N6) viruses reveals that they cluster with the A(H5N6) viruses that have been circulating in Europe since December 2017. The wild bird species involved were birds of prey and were likely infected due to hunting or scavenging infected wild waterfowl. However, HPAI virus was not detected in other wild birds during this period. Outside the EU, two HPAI outbreaks were reported in poultry during the reporting period from western Russia. Sequence information on an HPAI A(H5N6) virus found in a common gull in western Russia in October 2018 suggests that the virus clusters within clade 2.3.4.4c and is closely related to viruses that transmitted zoonotically in China. An increasing number of outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Africa and the Middle East was observed during the time period for this report. Currently there is no evidence of a new HPAI virus incursion from Asia into Europe. However, passive surveillance systems may not be sensitive enough if the prevalence or case fatality in wild birds is very low. Nevertheless, it is important to encourage and maintain a certain level of passive surveillance in Europe testing single sick or dead wild birds and birds of prey as they may be sensitive sentinel species for the presence of HPAI virus in the environment. A well‐targeted active surveillance might complement passive surveillance to collect information on HPAI infectious status of apparently healthy wild bird populations.

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Section: Hpai In Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview November 2018 – February 2019

Adlhoch¹,

Kuiken²,

Monne³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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“…Among those substitutions, V495L in PB2, N213S, K386R, and K391R in PB1 were also found between the GS16568 and DK16873 viruses (Supplementary Table S3). As described in that literature, V495L in PB2 and N213S in PB1 are part of the nuclear localization signal; and K386R and K391R in PB1 are in the cRNA-binding domain (Uchida et al, 2019). Therefore, these four substitutions between GS16568 and DK16873 HPAIVs may have influenced the function of the polymerase complex, and may associated with the different clinical signs between the GS16568 and DK16873 HPAIVs infected ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Other investigations have also demonstrated that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses isolated in 2014 in eastern China caused systematic infections in ducks (Sun et al, 2016). Recent studies have demonstrated that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs exhibited different pathogenicity in ducks (Uchida et al, 2019). Epidemiological studies have shown that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus was dominant in waterfowl in southern China from 2014 to 2016 (Bi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 47 amino acid residues differences were observed between GS16568 and DK16873 HPAIVs, which may also contribute to the pathogenicity of the two viruses to ducks (Supplementary Table S3). Recent studies have reported that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus HE144 possessed 11 substitutions (221T and V495L in PB2; N213S, S361I, K386R, K391R and L753F in PB1; S388G and K603R in PA; and A96P and N203D in HA) was highly pathogenic to ducks (Uchida et al, 2019). Among those substitutions, V495L in PB2, N213S, K386R, and K391R in PB1 were also found between the GS16568 and DK16873 viruses (Supplementary Table S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immune-Related Gene Expression in Ducks Infected With Waterfowl-Origin H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are widely prevalent and of significant concern to the poultry industry and public health in China. Nowadays, the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus has become a dominant AIV subtype among domestic ducks in southern China. We found that waterfowl-origin clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses (A/goose/Guangdong/16568/2016, GS16568 and A/duck/Guangdong/16873/2016, DK16873) isolated from southern China in 2016 could replicate in multiple organs of inoculated ducks. DK16873 virus caused mild infections and killed 2/5 of inoculated ducks, and GS16568 virus did not kill inoculated ducks. In addition, the two viruses could be transmitted via direct contact between ducks. DK16873 and GS16568 viruses killed 2/5 and 1/5 of contact ducks, respectively. Furthermore, ducks inoculated with the two H5N6 viruses exhibited different expressions of immune-related genes in their lungs. The expression of RIG-I, TLR3 and IL6 was significantly upregulated at 12 h post-inoculation (HPI) and most of the tested immune-related genes were significantly upregulated at 3 days post-inoculation (DPI). Notably, the expression of RIG-I and IL-6 in response to DK16873 virus was significantly higher than for GS16568 virus at 12 HPI and 3 DPI. Our research have provided helpful information about the pathogenicity, transmission and immune-related genes expression in ducks infected with new H5N6 AIVs.

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“…We next tested the sensitivity of the 23 IRDTs against H5N1 and H5N6 viruses. The two H5N1 viruses (H5-1 and H5-2) were isolated from raw poultry products that were illegally brought into Japan by international flight passengers (Shibata et al, 2018a) and the three H5N6 viruses (H5-3, H5-4, and H5-5) were isolated from bird feces in Japan (Uchida et al, 2019). These H5 viruses are circulating in avian species and have the potential to transmit to humans (Nunez and Ross, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Commercially Available Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Tests in the 2018–2019 Influenza Season

2019

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Epidemics of seasonal influenza caused by H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and type B viruses occur throughout the world. Sporadic human H5 and H7N9 virus infections are also reported in particular regions. To treat influenza patients effectively with antivirals, sensitive and broad-reactive influenza rapid diagnostic tests (IRDTs) are required. Here, we tested the sensitivity of 23 IRDTs during the 2018–2019 influenza season for their ability to detect H1N1pdm09, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, and Victoria- and Yamagata-lineage type B viruses. All IRDTs detected all influenza A and B viruses tested but with different sensitivities. Several IRDTs detected the H5 and H7 viruses and the seasonal viruses with similar sensitivity. Such IRDTs might be useful for diagnosing patients infected with H5 and H7 viruses.

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Comparative pathogenicity of H5N6 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chicken, Pekin duck and Muscovy duck

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Avian influenza overview November 2018 – February 2019

Avian influenza overview November 2018 – February 2019

Immune-Related Gene Expression in Ducks Infected With Waterfowl-Origin H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

Sensitivity of Commercially Available Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Tests in the 2018–2019 Influenza Season

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