Comparative nutritional value of Jatropha curcas protein isolate and soy protein isolate in common carp

Abstract

Jatropha seed cake (JSC) is an excellent source of protein but does contain some antinutritional factors (ANF) that can act as toxins and thus negatively affect the growth and health status of fish. While this can limit the use of JSC, detoxified Jatropha protein isolate (DJPI) may be a better option. An 8-week study was performed to evaluate dietary DJPI to common carp Cyprinus carpio. Five iso-nitrogenous diets (crude protein of 38%) were formulated that consisted of a C (fish meal (FM) based protein), J or J (50 and 75% of FM protein replaced by DJPI), and S or S (50 and 75% of FM protein replaced by soy protein isolate, SPI) and fed to triplicate groups of 75 carp fingerlings (75; av. wt. ± SD; 11.4 ± 0.25 g). The growth, feeding efficiencies, digestibility, plasma biochemistry, and intestinal enzymes were measured. Results showed that growth performance of fish fed the S- or DJPI-based diets were not significantly different from those fed the C diet, while carp fed the S had significantly better growth than the J diet. Fish fed the J diet had significantly lower protein and lipid digestibility as well as significantly lower intestinal amylase and protease activities than all other groups. However, all plant protein-based diets led to significantly higher crude protein, crude lipid, and gross energy in the body of common carp compared to the control treatment. Plasma cholesterol and creatinine significantly decreased in the plant protein fed groups, although plasma triglyceride as well as the red blood cells count, hematocrit, albumin, globulin, total plasma protein, and lysozyme activity were higher in plant protein fed groups compared to FM fed group. White blood cells, hemoglobulin concentration, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities, and glucose level in blood did not differ significantly among treatments. The results suggest that the DJPI is non-toxic to carp and can be used to replace FM in the diets of common carp up to 75%, but further research to potentially reduce some inherent ANF within this protein source, such as non-starch polysaccharides, may improve nutrient utilization.

Stomach contents of Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) in the coastal waters of Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia

“…In omnivorous fishes, the intermediate condition is found. For some fish cultured under captive conditions, they can increase or decrease their intestinal length, relative to their body, over time based on their diets (Nepal 2018). The grey-eel catfish, was observed to have a relatively short and slightly folded intestine, indicating this species is carnivorous, but little is known regarding their feeding habits (Sinha, 1984;Ahmed and Haque, 2007;Leh 2012).…”

Effective valorization of agro‐waste of castor oil extraction industry as feedstock for sustainable fish production

“…Similar growth rates and feed conversion in control and PI 100 might be related to balance amino acid profile and low ANFs contents in experimental diets. It has been observed that feeding protein isolates did not cause any deleterious effects on the growth performance and health of the fish 11,16,18,52 . Jayant et al 19 .…”

“…These prepared protein isolates are characterized by high protein content 9 and similar digestibility as of fishmeal protein 10 . Protein isolates are rich in total proteins and have low amounts of lipids, soluble carbohydrate, phenols, or fibers 11 . They are characterized by high nutritional value, such as a high protein content with a good amino acid profile and digestibility and low anti‐nutritional components 12 .…”

“…They are characterized by high nutritional value, such as a high protein content with a good amino acid profile and digestibility and low anti‐nutritional components 12 . Several reports have documented the use of protein isolates from different plant oilseed cakes such as rapeseed in turbot, Psetta maxima , 13 rubber seed in rohu, Labeo rohita , 14 karanj seed in L. rohita , 15 and jatropha seed in common carp 11,16,17 and rohu 18 . The authors concluded that fish fed with protein isolate growth performance, digestibility, and nutrient utilization that was similar to, or better than, fish fed with fishmeal or soy protein isolate.…”

Use of a mixture of vegetal (Jatropha curcas) and animal (fish silage) byproducts as protein source in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets

“…Stone et al (1989) and Soltan and Tharwat (2006) successfully evaluated the inclusion of FS in diets of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and African catfish Clarias gariepinus, respectively. Kumar et al (2010) and Nepal et al (2010) included JCK in the diet of common carp (Ciprinus carpio) fingerlings, while Shamna et al (2015) determined growth, nutrient utilization, and physio-metabolic responses of cyprinid Labeo rohita fingerlings fed J. curcas seed cake. To our understanding, so far, there are no reports using the FS/JCK dietary combination in shrimp diets.…”