Comparative mutagenicity of EMS and HZ in Hordeum vulgare L. var. RD2052

Abstract

Cytogenetical investigations have been carried out on Hordeum vulgare. Seed of H. vulgare were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ). The plants in the treated populations showed varying degrees of meiotic irregularities almost at all the mutagenic concentrations. The frequency of meiotic irregularities was found to be more in HZ treatment than EMS. The various types of meiotic abnormalities such as univalents, multivalents, stickiness, precocious movement, stray bivalent, non-orientation, cytomixis, laggard, bridges, unequal separation, micronuclei and disturbed polarities were observed. Taking the percentage of meiotic abnormalities and pollen sterility as an index of effectiveness of a mutagen, HZ treatment was found to be more effective.

Isolation of mutants from gamma ray-irradiated population of <i>Solanum melongena</i> cultivar ‘Pusa Purple Long’

“…The useful mutations are created in any desired crop plant by a plant breeder through the application of mutagens in term of induction of morphological changes as well as the chromosomal aberrations. Ultimately, the occurrence of abnormal PMCs in plants may cause various genetic consequences in the form of altered traits (Al Qurainy and Khan 2009;Sheidai et al 2009;Jafri et al 2012). Physical mutagens predominantly induce chromosome aberrations either through ionization of the target itself or indirectly through mutagenic free radicals as a result of ionization of background components (Lagoda 2012).The present study reveals that the creation of mutations through gamma ray-irradiation could be achieve in eggplant due to the ability of gamma ray to make structural changes in the chromosomal configuration, which might be responsible for alteration in traits of economic importance Chiasma formation characterizes the pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis and controls the degree of recombination.…”