Comparative, multicenter studies of cefixime and amoxicillin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections

Kiani, Reza; Johnson, D; Nelson, Bennie

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(88)90457-3

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…vulgaris and Providencia stuartii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca (Pfeffer et ai, 1977;Kamimura et al, 1984;Neu, Chin & Labthavilcul, 1984;Shigi et at., 1984;Brittain et al, 1985;Fuchs et al, 1986). It is useful in the treatment of otitis media in children (McLinn, 1987) and urinary and respiratory tract infections in children (Risser et al, 1987) and adults (Levenstein et al, 1986;Kiani et al, 1988;Irvani et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly

Faulkner

Bohaychuk

Lanc

et al. 1988

J Antimicrob Chemother

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The pharmacokinetics of cefixime were compared in 12 young and 12 elderly subjects receiving 400 mg once-a-day for five days. Mean peak serum concentrations (Cmax) on days one and five in the elderly (4.90 and 5.68 mg/l) were comparable (P greater than 0.05) to those in the young subjects (3.88 and 4.74 mg/l). Serum area under the curve (AUC) values on days one and five in the elderly (41.0 and 49.5 mg.h/l) were higher (P less than 0.05) than those in young subjects (28.6 and 34.9 mg.h/l). In addition, the elimination half-life, mean residence time, average concentration, minimal concentration and renal clearance (Clr) values were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the elderly. A significant linear correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between the Clr of cefixime (total and unbound) and creatinine clearance. The urinary recovery (Ae0----24) and protein binding of cefixime on days one and five was similar in the elderly and young. Overall, there is no need for any dosage adjustment of the drug in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly

Faulkner

Bohaychuk

Lanc

et al. 1988

J Antimicrob Chemother

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“…Of these cephalosporins, cefixime and cefpodoxime have high in vitro antibacterial activity (13). In various series of patients treated with cefixime, changes in stool consistency were observed in 11% (10) and 13% (12) and diarrhea was noted in 14% (12) and 15% (10). On the other hand, in some series of patients treated with cefpodoxime proxetil, stool changes were observed in only 0.7% (23,27) and diarrhea was noted in 4.6% (27) and 12% (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Presence of Clostridium difficile and antibiotic and beta-lactamase activities in feces of volunteers treated with oral cefixime, oral cefpodoxime proxetil, or placebo

Chachaty

Depitre

Mario

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Three groups of six healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to a treatment with 400 mg of oral cefpodoxime proxetil, oral cefixime, or placebo per day for 10 days. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Clostridium difficile was not detected in the feces of any subject before treatment or at any time in the subjects in the placebo group. C. difficile was, however, detected in all subjects treated with cefpodoxime proxetil and in five of six treated with cefixime. Genomic DNA restriction patterns showed that the strains of C. difficile differed from one volunteer to another. Two subjects both shed different strains at different times during the 25-day surveillance period. All isolates were resistant to cefixime and cefpodoxime (MIC for 90% of strains, 256 and 512 mg/liter, respectively). Antibiotic activity was found in the feces of one volunteer treated with cefpodoxime proxetil and of four volunteers treated with cefixime. It was inversely correlated with the presence of fecal beta-lactamase activity. Intestinal side effects were limited to modifications of stool consistency, which occurred in only 3 of the 12 treated volunteers and did not lead to cessation of treatment. These modifications were significantly associated with the presence of fecal antibiotic activity (P less than 0.05) but not with the shedding of toxigenic or nontoxigenic strains of C. difficile or with the presence of toxin A in feces, which was detected only in one perfectly healthy treated volunteer.

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“…A two-to fourfold increase in MICs of oral cephalosporins was seen in the presence of BRO-l but not with TEM-1 or BRO-2. The MICs of cefixime for 90% of strains of H. iiJuenzae (0.135 Lg/mI) and M. catarrhalis (0.25 gLg/ml) were 8-to 64-fold lower than those of other oral cephalosporins.Cefixime, a new oral broad-spectrum cephalosporin, has been shown to provide good activity against a number of respiratory pathogens (4,7,8,14). Alternative agents to ampicillin and amoxicillin that are resistant to 13-lactamases are important, given the presence of P-lactamase in 10 to 30% of strains of Haemophilus influenzae (5,9,16) and the emergence of Moraxella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the activity of cefixime and activities of other oral antibiotics against adult clinical isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis containing BRO-1 and BRO-2 and Haemophilus influenzae

Nash

Flanagan

Steele

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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MICs of 10 oral antibiotics were determined fQr 105 Moraxello catarrhalis and 96 Haemophilus ii#luenzae isolates from adults. A two-to fourfold increase in MICs of oral cephalosporins was seen in the presence of BRO-l but not with TEM-1 or BRO-2. The MICs of cefixime for 90% of strains of H. iiJuenzae (0.135 Lg/mI) and M. catarrhalis (0.25 gLg/ml) were 8-to 64-fold lower than those of other oral cephalosporins.Cefixime, a new oral broad-spectrum cephalosporin, has been shown to provide good activity against a number of respiratory pathogens (4,7,8,14). Alternative agents to ampicillin and amoxicillin that are resistant to 13-lactamases are important, given the presence of P-lactamase in 10 to 30% of strains of Haemophilus influenzae (5,9,16) and the emergence of Moraxella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen. M. catarrhalis contains two similar 1-lactamases, 17), which are present in 75 to 85% of current clinical isolates (6,17

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Comparative, multicenter studies of cefixime and amoxicillin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly

Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly

Presence of Clostridium difficile and antibiotic and beta-lactamase activities in feces of volunteers treated with oral cefixime, oral cefpodoxime proxetil, or placebo

Comparison of the activity of cefixime and activities of other oral antibiotics against adult clinical isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis containing BRO-1 and BRO-2 and Haemophilus influenzae

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