“…For the house sparrow, in studies encompassing North America, South America, Europe, and "England and Germany," among-locality percentages ranging from 5.3 to 40.8 were reported for five body dimensions in males and females (Johnston and Selander, 1973, Table 1). For North American houseflies and face flies, Bryant (1977, Table 2) and Bryant and Turner (1978 , Table 1) report among-locality percentages of from 3.64 to 33.91 for 14 morphological measurements. For measurements of gall-forming aphids in the genus Pemphigus, among-locality variance components are usually less than half of the total variance (Sokal et al, 1980;Sokal and Riska, unpubl.).…”