Geographic Variation in House Fly Size: Adaptation or Larval Crowding?

Black, William C.; Krafsur, E. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05732.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…comm.). In other studies of environmental factors, larval crowding (which relates to food availability; Murdie, 1969;Black and Krafsur, 1986), food quality (Bernays, 1986), and temperature (Murdie, 1969) have been reported to influence insect morphology. The relative importance and interactions of genetic and environmental determination of morphometric variation certainly merit further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multivariate morphometrics of geographic variation of Gerris costae (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Europe

Klingenberg¹

1992

Revue Suisse De Zoologie

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The waterstrider species Gerris costae (Herrich-Schaeffer) has a large and disjunct distribution in the southern part of the palearctic region. Multivariate morphometric techniques were used to assess the geographic variation in the European part of its range, where three subspecies are currently recognized: G. c. costae (Herrich-Schaeffer), G. c. fieberi Stichel, and G. c. poissoni Wagner and Zimmermann. Twelve variables were selected from a larger set (56 or 57 variables for males and females, respectively) by stepwise discriminant analysis, and were found to represent the main patterns of morphometric variation in the full character set. Principal component analysis revealed that both 'size' and 'shape' contribute to geographic differentiation. Canonical variate analysis with two different criteria for the definition of a priori groups showed that the subspecies are coherent units separate from each other, and that the segregation into the three subspecies indeed reflects the main pattern of geographic variation in Europe. Comparisons of field samples with offspring reared in the laboratory under standardized conditions demonstrated that geographic differentiation is genetically determined for the most part. The study therefore supports the segregation of Gerris costae into three subsepcies in the area considered. Linear discriminant functions are given to allocate additional material to the subspecies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multivariate morphometrics of geographic variation of Gerris costae (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Europe

Klingenberg¹

1992

Revue Suisse De Zoologie

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“…Conditions in the larval environment may exert effects that extend beyond the larval stage, however. Evidence of such a link is only well documented in insects, for which experimental studies have shown that larval density and food availability affect adult body size, fecundity, survival, and age at first reproduction [e.g., fruit flies (Chiang and Hodson 1950, Barker and Padger 1970, Pratt and McChesney 1985, Pratt 1986, pitcher plant mosquitoes (Mauer and Istack 1980, Bradshaw 1986, Bradshaw and Holzopful 1988, Aedes mosquitoes (Hawley 1985), damselflies (Banks andThompson 1987, Anhalt 1991), house flies (Black and Krafsur 1986), and crickets (Simmons 1987)]. In amphibians, another taxon with a complex life cycle, potential larval effects on adult traits are less well documented.…”

Section: Introducfionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Larval Density on Adult Demographic Traits in Ambystoma Opacum

Scott¹

1994

Ecology

344

288

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Factors that affect traits of aquatic larvae of amphibians may have long—lasting effects on terrestrial juveniles and adults. I manipulated larval densities of marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum, in large—scale field enclosures during 2 yr, released the juveniles that metamorphosed from these enclosures, and tested for effects on adults that returned to the pond during 6—7 subsequent breeding seasons. Individuals from low larval density treatments tended to have greater lipid stores at metamorphosis than those from high densities and survived longer in a laboratory inanition study. In the field, individuals that experienced low larval density returned for their first reproductive bout as larger adults than those from high—density treatments. For 5—yr—old females released in 1986, low larval density was linked to greater clutch size; clutch size in 4—yr—old animals from the 1987 cohort did not differ between larval treatment groups. Larval density also influenced age at first reproduction, as animals reared at low densities returned to breed at younger ages. Averaged across both cohorts, the proportion of animals that returned to breed at least once was 21% for low—density groups compared to 6% for the high—density groups. The larval environment exerted a strong influence on postmetamorphic traits, and thus larval density likely plays an important role in population regulation in both the aquatic and terrestrial phase of the life cycle.

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“…Variações na qualidade e quantidade de recursos alimentares podem gerar variações no tamanho de moscas, por meio de mecanismos dependentes da densidade. Deste modo, a manutenção da sobrevivência à custa do tamanho é considerada por Black IV & Krafsur (1986) como um caráter adaptativo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Morfometria de Musca domestica L. de granjas de galinhas poedeiras

Prado

Lomônaco

1994

An. Soc. Entomol. Bras.

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Morphometric ofMusca domestica L. Collected in a Caged-Layer Poultry System Morphometric aspects ofthe wingofAíusca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) were studied in a caged-layer poultry system. The study was conducted at Glória Experimental Farm, in the vicinity ofUberlândia, MG, Brazil, from August 1989 to July 1990. Size accounted for the greatest source of variation in the wing niorphometrics. This seemed to be an adptative character related to unfavorable conditions. Females were usually largerthan males. There was a proportional variation in size for both sexes throughout the year.

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Geographic Variation in House Fly Size: Adaptation or Larval Crowding?

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Multivariate morphometrics of geographic variation of Gerris costae (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Europe

Multivariate morphometrics of geographic variation of Gerris costae (Heteroptera: Gerridae) in Europe

The Effect of Larval Density on Adult Demographic Traits in Ambystoma Opacum

Morfometria de Musca domestica L. de granjas de galinhas poedeiras

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