Comparative metabolism of zearalenone and transmission into bovine milk

Mirocha, C. J.; Pathre, S. V.; Robison, T S

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(81)90299-6

Cited by 185 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Olsen et al (1981) reported another biotransformation pathway for ZEA in animals, whereby ZEA and its reduced metabolites can conjugate with glucuronic acid, which is catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferases (UDPGT). Following metabolism, these conjugates are excreted in the urine and bile fluid (Mirocha et al, 1981). Omoni and Aluko (2005) reported that UDPGT activity increased in various tissues in rats fed a high-ISO diet (0.81 mg/g) for 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Wang

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of isoflavone (ISO) against zearalenone (ZEA) residues in the muscle and liver tissues of prepubertal gilts. Seventy 75-day-old, prepubertal, female pigs (Duroc 3 Landrace 3 Yorkshire, 26.5 6 0.60 kg) were allocated randomly to seven diet treatments for 21days as follows: one control group (fed the basal diet) and six groups fed the basal diet with the addition of either 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA plus either 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results showed that the diet with 2.0 mg/kg ZEA added caused an increase of ZEA residue level in muscle tissue (P , 0.05), and that the addition of both 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg ZEA increased the residue level of ZEA in the liver of prepubertal gilts (P , 0.05). Addition of 600 mg/kg ISO to 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the ZEA residue level in liver tissue (P , 0.05), and the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the residue levels of ZEA in muscle tissue (P , 0.05). Western blot analysis demonstrated that feeding ZEA to prepubertal gilts increased their protein expression of 3a/3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD; P , 0.05), and that the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the protein expression of 3a/3b-HSD (P , 0.05), compared with the addition of 2.0 mg/kg ZEA alone. The results demonstrated that muscle and liver tissues retain residual ZEA when pigs are fed a diet contaminated with high concentrations of ZEA, and that the concentration of ZEA in muscle and liver tissues increased with increased amounts of ZEA in the feed. In diets contaminated with high levels of ZEA, the addition of ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues of prepubertal gilts.Keywords: soybean isoflavone, prepubertal gilts, zearalenone residue, 3a/3b-HSD expression ImplicationsMaize and soybean are two of the principle ingredients in animal feed, and as such zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavones (ISOs) are often found together in maize-soybean meal-based feed. Our study shows that diets containing ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and thus reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues. These findings suggest a potential means of mitigating the negative effects of high concentration of ZEA contamination in feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Wang

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…ZON and its derivatives are cleared from the body predominantly as glucuronides (2,24). Relatively little is known about the role of ZON in plant-pathogen interactions or the fate of ZON in plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heterologous Expression of Arabidopsis UDP-Glucosyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Production of Zearalenone-4- O -Glucoside

Poppenberger

Berthiller²,

Bachmann

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Zearalenone, a secondary metabolite produced by several plant-pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, has high estrogenic activity in vertebrates. We developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioassay strain that we used to identify plant genes encoding UDP-glucosyltransferases that can convert zearalenone into zearalenone-4-Oglucoside (ZON-4-O-Glc). Attachment of the glucose moiety to zearalenone prevented the interaction of the mycotoxin with the human estrogen receptor. We found that two of six clustered, similar UGT73C genes of Arabidopsis thaliana encode glucosyltransferases that can inactivate zearalenone in the yeast bioassay. The formation of glucose conjugates seems to be an important plant mechanism for coping with zearalenone but may result in significant amounts of "masked" zearalenone in Fusarium-infected plant products. Due to the unavailability of an analytical standard, the ZON-4-O-Glc is not measured in routine analytical procedures, even though it can be converted back to active zearalenone in the digestive tracts of animals. Zearalenone added to yeast transformed with UGT73C6 was converted rapidly and efficiently to ZON-4-O-Glc, suggesting that the cloned UDP-glucosyltransferase could be used to produce reference glucosides of zearalenone and its derivatives.

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“…2015) estimated the rate of transfer of ZEN and its metabolites into milk to be 0.008 %. In view of the above, it can be concluded that human exposure to ZEN coming from milk is not to be considered a health risk, but studies have also pointed out that the toxicity of ZEN metabolites should be taken into consideration, for example that of α-zearalenol, whose oestrogenic potential is three-fold higher than that of ZEN (Mirocha et al, 1981). Since in vitro studies have evidenced that the main representative of fumonisines, fumonisin B1 (FB1), was poorly metabolized in the rumen (Caloni et al, 2000), it was concluded that FB1 could reach milk (Flores-Flores et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuffs and cow milk sampled from Croatian farms during 2015

et al. 2017

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Mycotoxins may contaminate food of animal origin due to the carry-over effect and represent a potential risk to human health. The problem of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination becomes an issue especially during rainy years characterised by substantial temperature changes. The aim of this study was to investigate into the level of Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FUM) in maize silage (n=21), concentrated dairy cattle feeds (n=56) and cow milk samples (n=105), taken during 2015 from households located in four Croatian regions. The presence of mycotoxins was determined using validated ELISA methods. A high level of feedstuffs' contamination was evidenced, especially with ZEN, with values higher than recommended observed in 9.5 % of maize silage samples. Fourteen point three percent (14.3 %) of milk samples were DON positive, with the toxin concentrations ranging from 5.4 to 67.3 µg/L. ZEN was determined in 94.3 % of milk samples, ranging from 0.3 to 88.6 µg/L. FUM were not detected in any of the analysed milk samples. Given the tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) defined for these mycotoxins, human health risks arising from the consumption of cow milk can generally be considered low, even in times characterised by weather conditions that facilitate the production of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals subsequently used as dairy cattle feed. The exception represents particular milk samples in which high ZEN concentrations were found.

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Comparative metabolism of zearalenone and transmission into bovine milk

Cited by 185 publications

References 3 publications

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Heterologous Expression of Arabidopsis UDP-Glucosyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Production of Zearalenone-4- O -Glucoside

Presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuffs and cow milk sampled from Croatian farms during 2015

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