Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of isoflavone (ISO) against zearalenone (ZEA) residues in the muscle and liver tissues of prepubertal gilts. Seventy 75-day-old, prepubertal, female pigs (Duroc 3 Landrace 3 Yorkshire, 26.5 6 0.60 kg) were allocated randomly to seven diet treatments for 21days as follows: one control group (fed the basal diet) and six groups fed the basal diet with the addition of either 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA plus either 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results showed that the diet with 2.0 mg/kg ZEA added caused an increase of ZEA residue level in muscle tissue (P , 0.05), and that the addition of both 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg ZEA increased the residue level of ZEA in the liver of prepubertal gilts (P , 0.05). Addition of 600 mg/kg ISO to 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the ZEA residue level in liver tissue (P , 0.05), and the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the residue levels of ZEA in muscle tissue (P , 0.05). Western blot analysis demonstrated that feeding ZEA to prepubertal gilts increased their protein expression of 3a/3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD; P , 0.05), and that the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the protein expression of 3a/3b-HSD (P , 0.05), compared with the addition of 2.0 mg/kg ZEA alone. The results demonstrated that muscle and liver tissues retain residual ZEA when pigs are fed a diet contaminated with high concentrations of ZEA, and that the concentration of ZEA in muscle and liver tissues increased with increased amounts of ZEA in the feed. In diets contaminated with high levels of ZEA, the addition of ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues of prepubertal gilts.Keywords: soybean isoflavone, prepubertal gilts, zearalenone residue, 3a/3b-HSD expression ImplicationsMaize and soybean are two of the principle ingredients in animal feed, and as such zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavones (ISOs) are often found together in maize-soybean meal-based feed. Our study shows that diets containing ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and thus reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues. These findings suggest a potential means of mitigating the negative effects of high concentration of ZEA contamination in feed.

Effects of zearalenone on the localization and expression of the growth hormone receptor gene in the uteri of post-weaning piglets

“…ZEA and its metabolites are agonists of ERα (they are observed mainly in the uteri, but not in the ovaries) [ 43 ]. The addition of 0.5 to 2 mg/kg ZEA in the diet has been shown to significantly increase the transcription level of ERα in the uteri and vaginal tissue of gilts, whereas it significantly reduced the transcription level of ERβ, which regulates the development of reproductive organs [ 44 ]. The mechanism whereby ZEA acts on sow uteri can probably be explained by the fact that α-ZOL has a high affinity for endometrial estrogen receptors, and competes with estrogen for target tissue receptors to promote the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein.…”

Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review

“…Wang et al [102] studied the effects of dietary soybean isoflavone on zearalenone residues in the muscle and liver of young female pigs and demonstrated that addition of zearalenone into the diet increased protein expression of 3α/3β-HSD. Interestingly, the addition of isoflavones to the zearalenone-contaminated diet decreased the hepatic protein expression of 3α/3β-HSD compared with the addition of zearalenone alone.…”

Effect of superfine grinding on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of soybean residue powder

“…Soybean residue contains protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, isoflavone, and minerals (Li et al, ; O'Toole, ). It has antioxidant activity and may aid in prevention of diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia (Li et al, ; Li et al, ; Li et al, ; Wang, Zhou, Hou, Qi, & Zhang, ). However, soybean residue is not widely used in food because of its high moisture content and poor edible quality.…”