Comparative iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) infected with the isopod parasite Tachaea chinensis

Abstract

Background Although parasitic isopods can negatively affect the reproduction and ingestion of several commercially important crustaceans, little is known regarding the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Methods In the present study, the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in the Chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis infected with the parasitic isopod Tachaea chinensis . Results On the basis of our analysis, we identified 1262 proteins from a total of 4292 peptides. There was a significant difference in the expression of 182 proteins between the control and infected groups, among which 69 were upregulated and 113 were downregulated after T. chinensis infection. The differentially expressed proteins revealed that parasitism may inhibit the immune response, thereby increasing host vulnerability to additional lethal infection. Furthermore, T. chinensis may secrete anticoagulants to inhibit hemolymph clotting. Moreover, the isopod parasite placed a heavy metabolic burden on the host, particularly with respect to glucose metabolism. Conclusions Our study is the first to use the iTRAQ-based proteomic approach to analyze the effects of an isopod parasite on its host. The results we obtained using this approach will make a valuable contribution to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying isopod parasitism on crustaceans.

Distribution of the parasitic isopod Tachaea chinensis in China

“…The salinity tolerance of other isopod species, such as Sphaeroma serratum , which usually inhabit coastal marine or brackish waters, has been studied, and the results showed that S. serratum is euryhaline, with lower and upper limits of ~2‰ and 74‰, respectively 25 . Tachaea chinensis not only has a strong salinity tolerance in different regions, but also survives in freshwater environments such as rivers and rice fields 26,27 . Although the salinity adaptation mechanisms of T. chinensis are unclear, these abilities are important for the adaptation of the species to different environmental conditions.…”

Comparative Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tachaea chinensis Isopod During Parasitism

“…Many researchers have assumed that isopod parasites can feed on fish blood or crustacean hemolymph, comparable to an “aquatic mosquito” (Wilson, 2008; Manship et al, 2012; Smit et al, 2014; Nagler et al, 2017). We previously found that hemocyanin in P. sinensis is significantly downregulated following parasitism by T. chinensis (Li et al, 2019). The present results indicate that hemocyanin in T. chinensis was significantly upregulated after parasitism, suggesting a role in obtaining hemolymph from P. sinensis .…”

“…After attacking its host, this isopod invariably remains attached until either the shrimp dies or another shrimp comes within close proximity. Over the past 2 years, T. chinensis has been shown to parasitize over 80% of aquacultured Palaemonetes sinensis (Li et al, 2018) and 90% of Exopalaemon carinicauda (Li et al, 2019). Additional research on isopod parasitization mechanisms is necessary to develop effective methods of control for use in shrimp aquaculture.…”

Exploring the Mechanisms of Anti‐Aβ42 Aggregation Activity of Walnut‐derived Peptides using Transcriptomics and Proteomics in vitro

“…Cells were treated with vehicle, peptides PW5, and WN5 for 48 h, and added with tetracycline for another 72 h. Then, we collected the cells using PBS to obtain the proteins for detection. The further procedures including protein digestion, iTRAQ labeling, strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation and LC-MS/MS analysis were conducted by BGI Company according to previous literatures [16,17].The proteins in the Model group (vehicle) were labeled with reagent 126, 127N and 127C, whereas those in the PW5-treated group were labeled with reagent 128N, 128C, and 129N, and the WN5-treated group were labeled with reagent 129C, 130N and 130C. After LC-MS/MS analysis, the raw files were analyzed by using Proteome Discover v.1.4 software.…”