Comparative investigation on radical polymerization of methyl and ethyl methacrylate under multi-site phase-transfer catalytic conditions

Abstract

Methyl and ethyl methacrylate was polymerized in heterogeneous system with the help of newly synthesized multi-site phase-transfer catalyst and using water-soluble initiator at 60 ± 1 °C under unstirred inert atmospheric condition. Polymer yield was increased with increasing molar concentrations of monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature. Polymerization follows first-order kinetics with respect to monomer and half-order with respect to catalyst and initiator, respectively. PTC has myriads of applications in the synthesis of various organic and polymeric materials because of its fast reaction and high yield in short period of time. Without addition of PTC, polymerization did not occur; this indicates that catalyst plays the pivotal role on initiation of polymerization. It extracts the reactive radical anion from aqueous phase and transfers to the organic phase where acrylates were polymerized. Polymerization reactivity of methyl and ethyl methacrylate under PTC conditions was studied by various parameters. The activation energy (Ea) and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The Ea value supports the reactivity of acrylates. The results obtained from this investigation were used for inferring the radical mechanism of phase-transfer-catalyzed polymerization. The obtained polymers were analyzed by spectral and thermal analyses.

Influence of ultrasound on multi-site phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of N-vinyl carbazole in two phase system

“…7). A similar kind of trends was observed in most of the phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization using different alkyl methacrylates [45,48,[50][51][52]54].…”

“…The dependence of time on the rate of polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole was examined at different intervals of time by keeping other parameters are constant. The plot of Rp versus time showed the established trends as reported in various phase transfer catalyzed polymerization reactions [47,48,50]. The steady state rate of polymerization of NVK was arrived at 2 h and 60 min for silent and ultrasound condition respectively.…”

“…4a, b). The higher initiator order can be explained by gel effect or diffusion controlled termination constant [50]. In addition, higher order of initiator concentration suggests that the termination is bimolecular and monomer induced decomposition of PDS was absent.…”

“…A two-fold enhancement in the rate was observed compare with silent condition. The reason for the observed increase may be due to the formation of greater number of initiating free radicals under ultrasound condition and also polarity of the solvents, which facilitates greater transfer of peroxydisulfate ion from aqueous phase to organic phase [45][46][47][48]50].…”

Super acid-catalyzed polymerization of phenothiazine and modified isatin

“…Polymerization of monomers using different methodologies such as free radical polymerization [3], cationic polymerization [4], anionic polymerization [5], nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [6], and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [7] was extensively studied and many review articles are well documented in that arena [8][9][10][11][12]. In this context, we have also reported ultrasound and phase transfer-catalyzed polymerization of different alkyl methacrylate monomers [13][14][15][16][17]. These polymerization methods had advantages and disadvantages in their regime.…”