Comparative Inactivation of Enteroviruses and Adenovirus 2 by UV Light

Gerba, Charles P.; Gramos, Dawn M.; Nwachuku, Nena

doi:10.1128/aem.68.10.5167-5169.2002

Cited by 253 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These findings conflict with the results of Gerba et al (2002) in which Ad 2 was more resistant than Ad 40 and Ad 41.…”

Section: Uv Light Exposurescontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Cryptosporidium, Giardia) at relatively low, economical doses, and due to the absence of any known harmful disinfection by-products. While most viruses are more difficult to inactivate with UV light than bacteria or protozoa, a UV dose (or 'fluence') of 40 mJ/cm 2 applied by collimated beam exposures at bench-scale has been shown to successfully achieve 4-log inactivation of many waterborne viral pathogens including echovirus, coxsackievirus, calicivirus, and poliovirus Gerba et al 2002;Shin et al 2001;Meng and Gerba 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivation of Adenovirus Types 2, 5, and 41 in Drinking Water by UV Light, Free Chlorine, and Monochloramine

et al. 2007

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A bench-scale study was conducted to determine the inactivation of adenovirus types 2, 5, and 41 by ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine, and monochloramine. The motivation for this study was to determine whether UV disinfection followed by chlorine or monochloramine for a very short contact time (e.g. a minute) could satisfy regulatory requirements for 4-log virus inactivation. In order to overcome the difficulty Ad 41 presents for enumeration of the virus in cell culture, a technique was used that combined immunofluorescent staining of viral antigen with traditional scoring of cytopathic effect (CPE). A UV dose of 40 mJ/cm 2 (millijoules per square centimetre) (applied using a collimated beam apparatus) achieved approximately 1-log inactivation of adenovirus (Ad) types 2, 5 and 41, confirming previous research. Ad 41 was found to be more UV-resistant to UV light than Ad 2 or Ad 5 at UV doses > 70 mJ/cm 2 to a statistically significant degree (95% confidence); however, at lower UV doses there were no statistically significant differences. Experiments with Ad 5 and Ad 41 at 5 °C and pH 8.5 showed that chlorine was very effective against Ad 5 and Ad 41, with a CT (product of disinfectant concentration and contact time) of 0.22 mg·min/L providing 4-log inactivation. Monochloramine was less effective against these adenoviruses, with a CT of 350 mg·min/L required to achieve 2.5-log inactivation of Ad 5 and 41 at 5 °C and pH 8.5.

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“…These findings conflict with the results of Gerba et al (2002) in which Ad 2 was more resistant than Ad 40 and Ad 41.…”

Section: Uv Light Exposurescontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Adenovirus Types 2, 5, and 41 in Drinking Water by UV Light, Free Chlorine, and Monochloramine

et al. 2007

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“…AdV are members of Adenoviridae family -and can cause gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, as well as respiratory infections (ICTV, 2009;Lenaerts et al, 2008). When compared with other enteric viruses, AdV show higher resistance to UV light inactivation used in drinking and wastewater treatments (Gerba et al, 2002;Nwachuku et al, 2005). Enteroviruses belong to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, order Picornavirales (ICTV, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil

et al. 2012

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Adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are non-enveloped viral agents excreted in feces and so may contaminate water bodies. In the present study, the molecular detection of these viruses was performed in samples of surface water collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, a waterstream that crosses the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, receiving great volumes of non-treated sewage from a large urban area. Sampling was performed during 2009, in three different occasions (January, April and September). The highest detection rate was observed for EV (64.28%), followed by TTV (28.57%) and AdV (21.43%). Rotaviruses were not detected. More than on kind of tested virus was detected in five (35. 71%) of 14 samples. January was the month with the highest viral detection rate, being all samples, collected in this month, positive for at least one group of tested virus. The correlation between the detection of these different viral agents and environmental factors is discussed. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of viral genomes in water samples taken from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre (Brazil).

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“…For deadly viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus, influenza virus, and enterovirus, the vehicle transmission pathways include respiratory transmission by droplets and aerosols, as well as fecal-oral transmission via water, food, and environmental surfaces. To reduce infection risk from virus infection, control techniques for inactivating such viruses have been extensively researched (Jensen 1964;Gerba et al 2002;Shin et al 2003;Thurston-Enriquez et al 2003). Among these control techniques, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) was demonstrated to be extremely efficient for virus inactivation (Jensen 1964 ;Galasso et al 1965;Gerba et al 2002;Nuanualsuwan et al 2003;Thurston-Enriquez et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Virus-Containing Aerosols by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation

Tseng

2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

143

138

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The increasing incidence of infectious diseases has prompted the application of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) for the inactivation of viruses. This study evaluates UVGI effectiveness for airborne viruses in a laboratory test chamber by determining the effect of UV dosage, different nucleic acid type of virus (single-stranded RNA, ssRNA; single-stranded DNA, ssDNA; double-stranded RNA, dsRNA; and double-stranded DNA, ds-DNA), and relative humidity on virus survival fraction after UVGI exposure.For airborne viruses, the UVGI dose for 90% inactivation was 339-423 µW sec/cm 2 for ssRNA, 444-494 µW sec/cm 2 for ssDNA, 662-863 µW sec/cm 2 for dsRNA, and 910-1196 µW sec/cm 2 for ds-DNA. For all four tested, the UVGI dose for 99% inactivation was 2 times higher than that for 90% inactivation. Airborne viruses with single-stranded nucleic acid (ssRNA and ssDNA) were more susceptible to UV inactivation than were those with double-stranded ones (dsRNA and dsDNA). For all tested viruses at the same inactivation, the UVGI dose at 85% RH was higher than that at 55% RH, possibly because water sorption onto a virus surface provides protection against UV-induced DNA or RNA damage at higher RH. In summary, UVGI was an effective method for inactivation of airborne virus.

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Comparative Inactivation of Enteroviruses and Adenovirus 2 by UV Light

Cited by 253 publications

References 13 publications

Inactivation of Adenovirus Types 2, 5, and 41 in Drinking Water by UV Light, Free Chlorine, and Monochloramine

Inactivation of Adenovirus Types 2, 5, and 41 in Drinking Water by UV Light, Free Chlorine, and Monochloramine

First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Inactivation of Virus-Containing Aerosols by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation

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