Comparative fatty-acid profile and atherogenicity index of milk from free grazing Nguni, Boer and non-descript goats in South Africa

Abstract

This study aimed to determine and compare the fatty acid composition and atherogenecity index of milk fat from Nguni, Boer and non-descript at two different sampling periods. The goats (n = 10 for each goat genotypes) were raised under an extensive system of husbandry. Milk samples were collected from each individual goat to determine fatty acids, as methyl esters, using gas chromatography. The result revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles among the three goat genotypes for butyric, caproic, myristic, palmitic, stearic, vaccenic, linoleic, conjugated linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic, eicosatrienoic and docosapentaenoic acids, among other milk fats. The time of milk sampling also had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on caproic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, margaric, stearic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosapentaenoic and conjugated linoleic acids of milk fat. In addition, Nguni goats' milk fat had a healthier fatty acid than those of Boer and non-descript goats, characterized by a lower content in saturated fatty acid (68.65, 73.77 and 71.73 (P < 0.05), respectively). Goat genotypes and milk sampling time had an influence on the fatty acid composition of goat milk. These findings support the fact that goat milk is an important source of healthpromoting substances and support the sustainable use of animal genetic resources to improve goat milk fat quality, and hence deserve further investigation with local indigenous goat breeds.

The Relationship Between Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Expression Levels of Scd, Fasn and Srebpf1 Genes in Damascus Dairy Goats

“…According to milk fatty acid composition, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of other unsaturated fatty acids (Table 2). In accordance with the literature, while the atherogenic and thrombogenic index values were found to be high in the HSFA group, the unsaturated fatty acid ratio and thus the nutritional value were found lower (Haile et al 2016, Idamokoro et al 2019 (Table 3). As expected, a negative correlation was found between the monounsaturated fatty acid ratio and the odour, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes.…”

“…Since, mammary gland molecular activity and composition of milk change in different periods of lactation. On the other hand, it is reported that the milk fatty acid composition of three different goat breeds were different under similar environmental conditions (Idamokoro et al 2019). Abnormal SCD expression in humans is known to be associated with obesity and its complications (Huang et al 2015, Southam et al 2015.…”

The effects of tannin extract and linseed oil on yield, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of ewe milk

“…The AI is a reflection of the FA mix of a food and is used as an indicator of the potential health risk associated with different FA mixes (Idamokoro et al . 2019). This index differed among treatments in the current study.…”

Genetic analysis of novel phenotypes for farm animal resilience to weather variability

“…In humans, mutations of this gene cause congenital ichthyosis, a skin disease with several symptoms including intolerance to heat and humidity [44]. Furthermore, this protein is also involved in the development of fat cells, and was previously linked to udder depth in goats [37] and to the pathway of arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in mammals’ milk [45].…”