Comparative evaluation of the cost of water in northern Malawi: from rural water wells to science education

Holm, Rochelle H.; Singini, Wales; Gwayi, Simeon

doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1161719

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Informal water supply involving point-of-use (POU) treatment will need to be continuously integrated with central supply systems (CSS) as CSS will not facilitate all water demands [50,[103][104][105]. Cost issues for integration need to be addressed [106].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Treacy¹

2019

The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries

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Safe drinking water remains inaccessible to many humans in the developing countries. Research continuously innovates to develop efficient and cheap methods to sustain clean water for developing countries. Developing nations are a broad term that includes countries that are less industrialised and have lower per capita income levels than developed countries. This chapter will discuss clean water for drinking water purposes. Pollution concerns of water in developing countries will be categorised in terms of physical, chemical and biological pollutants such as turbidity, organic matter and bacteria. Natural and anthropogenic pollution concerns linking with seasonal factors will be outlined. The multi-barrier approach to drinking water treatment will be discussed. Abstraction points used will be researched. Water treatment systems, medium-to small-scale approaches, will be discussed. The processes involved in removing the contaminants including physical processes such as sedimentation, filtration such as slow-sand filtration, coagulation and flocculation, and disinfectant processes such as chlorination will be reviewed. Other important methods including solar disinfection, hybrid filtration methods and arsenic removal technologies using innovative solid phase materials will be included in this chapter. Rainwater harvesting technologies are reviewed. Safe storage options for treated water are outlined. Challenges of water treatment in rural and urban areas will be outlined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Treacy¹

2019

The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries

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“…Holm et al . () also note the scarcity of data on household water expenditure, and attempt to present data on the cost of direct household piped water, constructing wells, spare parts, and water treatment in northern Malawi that provide some context on affordability. Although not directly comparable to water costs at our study sites, they note that while the local minimum wage in 2015 was 18,000 Malawi Kwacha (MKW) per month, it costs MKW 600,000 (US$1,200) on average to construct a private household well (Holm et al, ).…”

Section: Water Access Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() also note the scarcity of data on household water expenditure, and attempt to present data on the cost of direct household piped water, constructing wells, spare parts, and water treatment in northern Malawi that provide some context on affordability. Although not directly comparable to water costs at our study sites, they note that while the local minimum wage in 2015 was 18,000 Malawi Kwacha (MKW) per month, it costs MKW 600,000 (US$1,200) on average to construct a private household well (Holm et al, ). By contrast, the cost to install a household tap in an urban area is significantly less; a household within six meters of a main water pipe pays up to 27,000 MKW (US$56) in addition to pipes and other materials necessary to facilitate the water connection (Adams, ).…”

Section: Water Access Inequalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban‐rural water access inequalities in Malawi: implications for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals

Adams

Smiley

2018

Natural Resources Forum

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Urban‐rural inequalities in water access constitute one of the major obstacles to achieving universal water coverage. In Sub‐Saharan Africa, these inequalities have persisted for decades. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to achieve universal access to safely managed water, which requires that an improved source be located on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination. This paper draws on empirical evidence from household surveys in peri‐urban and rural Malawi to examine urban‐rural differences in access to safely managed water. The paper highlights issues with the SDGs’ definition and monitoring indicators and outlines lessons for improving water access given existing inequalities between urban and rural areas. It concludes by arguing that a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to governance, monitoring, and planning cannot eliminate inequalities in water access, especially between urban and rural areas.

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“…Meanwhile, with increasing ownership of the community participation in waterpoints management, sustainability can be improved. Holm et al, (2016) for example suggested that the sustainability of water points in Malawi could be improved if the communities were given autonomy in deciding the type of water points to be installed. This is also supported by Gill (2014) and Gill and Flachenburg (2015) who found that water points were better sustained through increased ownership by communities, and by WaterAid (2009) which found that more autonomous community groups such as Water User Groups and Water User Associations were more successful in sustaining water points.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do So Many Water Points Fail in Tanzania? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors

Joseph¹,

Andrés²,

Chellaraj

et al. 2019

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Comparative evaluation of the cost of water in northern Malawi: from rural water wells to science education

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Drinking Water Treatment and Challenges in Developing Countries

Urban‐rural water access inequalities in Malawi: implications for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals

Why Do So Many Water Points Fail in Tanzania? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors

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