Comparative evaluation of different diagnostic techniques for detection of naturally occurring paratuberculosis in Gaddi goats

Thakur, Monika; Maity, Madhulina; Sharma, Shweta; Gupta, Vipan

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.01.005

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thickening and folding of the intestinal wall, corrugation, granular mucosa, serous atrophy of fat and thickening of mesenteric lymphatic vessels were seen grossly. Oedematous enlargement and occasionally calcium deposits were seen in the MLN [ 89 , 90 ]. Greig [ 91 ] reported the histopathology of PTB in goats at two stages: infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages in the lamina propria at the early stages of the disease, and in the late severe stages, macrophages and giant cells can be found in the submucosa and muscle layers.…”

Section: Pathologic Changes Of Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acid-fast bacilli may be seen in significant numbers. Histopathological lesions were classified into four types (I, II, III and IV) by Hailat et al [ 57 ] and Thakur et al [ 90 ], depending on the type and density of cellular infiltrates (lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelioid cells) in the small intestines and MLN. Lesions are considered grade I if a large number of lymphocytes with very few macrophages and epithelioid cells are found.…”

Section: Pathologic Changes Of Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paratuberculosis: The Hidden Killer of Small Ruminants

Idris

Eltom

Okuni

et al. 2021

Animals

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Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a contagious and chronic enteric disease of ruminants and many non-ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and is characterised by diarrhoea and progressive emaciation with consequent serious economic losses due to death, early culling, and reduced productivity. In addition, indirect economic losses may arise from trade restrictions. Besides being a production limiting disease, PTB is a potential zoonosis; MAP has been isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and was associated with other human diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats may be globally distributed though information on the prevalence and economic impact in many developing countries seem to be scanty. Goats are more susceptible to infection than sheep and both species are likely to develop the clinical disease. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated with faeces of MAP-positive animals is the common route of infection, which then spreads horizontally and vertically. In African countries, PTB has been described as a “neglected disease”, and in small ruminants, which support the livelihood of people in rural areas and poor communities, the disease was rarely reported. Prevention and control of small ruminants’ PTB is difficult because diagnostic assays demonstrate poor sensitivity early in the disease process, in addition to the difficulties in identifying subclinically infected animals. Further studies are needed to provide more insight on molecular epidemiology, transmission, and impact on other animals or humans, socio-economic aspects, prevention and control of small ruminant PTB.

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Section: Pathologic Changes Of Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathologic Changes Of Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis: The Hidden Killer of Small Ruminants

Idris

Eltom

Okuni

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Several diagnostic methods are currently available to detect paratuberculosis, including agent detection by PCR or fecal culture and antibody detection by, for example, ELISA or agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT). Comparing the accuracy of these different tests is difficult and depends on the goal for which the results are used [5,6,7,8]. The sensitivity of immune diagnostics is generally low, mainly in early stages of infection, due to a delayed antibody response [7,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA Responses in Milk Samples from Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Dairy Goat Herds in The Netherlands

Luttikholt

Lievaart‐Peterson

Gonggrijp

et al. 2019

Veterinary Sciences

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The aims of our study were to calculate the most appropriate cut-off value for milk samples in a serum-validated Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) ELISA and to analyze MAP ELISA responses in milk samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated dairy goats in the Netherlands. Analyzed herds were representative for location and herd size of dairy goat herds in the Netherlands. A significantly higher proportion of the analyzed 49 herds were organic as compared with the total Dutch dairy goat population. First, the MAP ELISA was optimized using 992 paired serum and milk samples. At a cut-off of 25 S/P%, the relative sensitivity (Se) was 58.4% (n = 992, 95% CI: 48.8%−67.6%) and relative specificity (Sp) was 98.5% (n = 992, 95% CI: 97.5%−99.2%), as compared to serum ELISA results. The percentage of positively tested herds was 78.2% (n = 49, 95% CI: 63.4%−88.1%). The percentage of positive milk samples per herd (n = 22) was on average 4.6% (median, min, and max of 4.7%, 0.0%, and 10.7%, respectively). Average age of ELISA-positive (3.2 years) and -negative goats (3.2 years) was not different. Significantly more vaccinated goats tested positive (6.7%) as compared with nonvaccinated goats (1.1%). This study shows that a high number of vaccinated and nonvaccinated commercial dairy goat herds in the Netherlands have MAP-ELISA-positive goats.

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