Comparative Essential Oil Composition and Antifungal Effect of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgaressp.piperitum) Fruit Oils Obtained During Different Vegetation

Abstract

The chemical composition of the flower and unripe and ripe fruits from fennel (bitter) (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) has been examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main identified components of the flower and unripe and ripe fruit oils were estragole (53.08%, 56.11%, and 61.08%), fenchone (13.53%, 19.18%, and 23.46%), and alpha-phellandrene (5.77%, 3.30%, and 0.72%), respectively. Minor qualitative and major quantitative variations for some compounds of essential oils were determined with respect to the different parts of F. vulgare. The oils exerted varying levels of antifungal effects on the experimental mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The 40 ppm concentrations of fennel oils showed inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of A. alternaria, whereas 10 ppm levels were ineffective. The analyses show that fennel oils exhibited different degrees of fungistatic activity depending on the doses.

Production of Low Calorie Bakery Product with Pleasant Flavour, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

“…Recently there has been considerable emphasis on studies involving effects of aromatic plants and extracts of herbs on inhibiting the growth of microbes [Ozcan et al, 2006]. Spoilage of bakery products is caused mainly by moulds and yeasts and occasionally by bacteria such as the rope causing heat-resistant endospore-forming Bacillus subtilis [Ozcan et al, 2006].…”

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan

“…[24] Mimica-Dukic et al [9] also reported trans-anethole (74.18%), fenchone (11.32%), estragole (5.29%), limonene (2.53%) and α-pinene (2.77%) as the major compounds identified in the essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Ozcan et al [10] and Ozcan and Chalchat [25] reported estragole (61.08% and 40.49%), fenchone (23.46% and 16.90%) and limonene (8.68% and 17.66%), respectively, as the major constituents in the essential oil of bitter fennel (F. vulgare spp. piperitum) grown in Turkey.…”

“…Mimica-Dukic et al [9] also reported that the essential oils of fennel are active against Aspergillus species. Ozcan et al [10] reported the antifungal activity of essential oils from bitter fennel. As expected, fennel seed extracts offered no antimicrobial activity.…”

“…[8] Recently there has been considerable interest in the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activities of fennel seed extracts and essential oil. [8][9][10][11] The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of the essential oil and methanol and ethanol extracts of fennel seeds grown in the central Punjab region of Pakistan.…”

Composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Bunium persicum, Carum copticum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils

“…Identification of compounds was done based on the following explanation: the retention indices were calculated for all volatile constituents using a homologous series of n-alkanes C6 to C24. Moreover, the method of mass spectra was used for the identification of individual compounds with those of similar compounds from a database (Wiely/NBS library) or with authentic compounds and it was confirmed by the comparison of their retention indices with authentic compounds or with those reported in the literature (Ozcan et al, 2006). For quantification purpose, relative area percentages obtained by flame ionization detector (FID), were used without using correction factors.…”