Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of electric and conventional vehicles in Lithuania

Petrauskienė, Kamilė; Skvarnavičiūtė, Monika; Dvarionienė, Jolanta

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119042

Cited by 86 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Environmental regulations targeting exhaust gas emissions [ 7 , 8 ], as well as the relatively high prices of fuels derived from the processing of crude oil [ 9 , 10 ], have led to increased interest in alternative fuels [ 11 ]. Simultaneously, the use of diesel engines in industry and transport, especially on the road, continues to grow [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. For decades, vegetable oil esters have been added to diesel fuel in these types of engines; more recently, there has been increased interest in using various alcohols as fuel additives [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method

2021

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Due to the increasing consumption of fuels in heavy industries, especially in road transportation, significant efforts are being made to increase the market participation of renewable fuels, including ethanol. In diesel engines, however, ethanol cannot be used as a pure fuel, primarily due to its very low cetane number and lubricity. For this reason, greater attention is being paid to blended fuels containing diesel and varying percentages of ethanol. Tests of lubricating properties carried out in accordance with the standard HFRR (high frequency reciprocating rig) method for ethanol–diesel fuel blends have long durations, which leads to ethanol evaporation and changes in the composition of the tested fuel sample under elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study presents an alternative lubricity assessment criterion based on the measurement of the scuffing load with a four-ball machine. Lubricity tests of blends of typical diesel fuel and ethanol, with ethanol volume fractions up to 14% (v/v), were conducted using a four-ball machine with a continuous increase of the load force of the friction node. In this method the lubrication criterion was the scuffing load of the tribosystem. The obtained results provided insights into the influence of the addition of ethanol to diesel fuel on lubricating properties, while limiting the ethanol evaporation process. The results also showed that an increase in the fraction of ethanol up to 14% (v/v) in diesel fuel resulted in a decrease in the scuffing load and a corresponding deterioration in the lubricating properties of the diesel–ethanol blend. For an ethanol volume fraction of 6–14%, the changes in the scuffing load were smaller than in ethanol volume fractions of 0–6%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method

2021

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“…Assessing the carbon footprints of electric vehicles (EVs) has been a focus of research in recent years [14][15][16]. However, as the charging times and energy consumption costs of hydrogen fuel cell cars, a rival technology, have become competitive with respect to EVs, the development of hydrogen-powered cars and their environmental impact analysis have also attracted increasing attention [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using the GREET Model—A Comparative Study

Wong

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Facing global warming and recent bans on the use of diesel in vehicles, there is a growing need to develop vehicles powered by renewable energy sources to mitigate greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Among the various forms of non-fossil energy for vehicles, hydrogen fuel is emerging as a promising way to combat global warming. To date, most studies on vehicle carbon emissions have focused on diesel and electric vehicles (EVs). Emission assessment methodologies are usually developed for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) which are non-durable household goods such as packaged foods, beverages, and toiletries instead of vehicle products. There is an increase in the number of articles addressing the product carbon footprint (PCF) of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the recent years, while relatively little research focuses on both vehicle PCF and fuel cycle. Zero-emission vehicles initiative has also brought the importance of investigating the emission throughout the fuel cycle of hydrogen fuel cell and its environmental impact. To address these gaps, this study uses the life-cycle assessment (LCA) process of GREET (greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation) to compare the PCF of an EV (Tesla Model 3) and a hydrogen fuel cell car (Toyota MIRAI). According to the GREET results, the fuel cycle contributes significantly to the PCF of both vehicles. The findings also reveal the need for greater transparency in the disclosure of relevant information on the PCF methodology adopted by vehicle manufacturers to enable comparison of their vehicles’ emissions. Future work will include examining the best practices of PCF reporting for vehicles powered by renewable energy sources as well as examining the carbon footprints of hydrogen production technologies based on different methodologies.

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“…Existing studies on vehicle selection and comparison are mainly based on life cycle assessment (LCA) [32], statistical methods [33], and multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM) [34,35], but the influence of consumer sentiments on vehicle selection strategies is ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Selection Strategies for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Sentiments, Analysis, and the MCDM Model

Ren

Sun

Yuan

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, developing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is an important way to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. To popularize BEVs as soon as possible, it is necessary to study selection strategies for BEVs from the perspective of consumers. Therefore, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model based on fine-grained sentiment analysis is combined with the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to assess ten types of BEV alternatives. Fine-grained sentiment analysis is applied to find the vehicle attributes that consumers care about the most based on the word-of-mouth data. The LDA model is suggested to divide topics and construct the indicator system. The MCDM model is used to rank vehicles and put forward the corresponding optimization path to increase consumer purchases of BEVs in China. The results show that (a) via the LDA model based on fine-grained sentiment analysis, attributes that consumers care most about are divided into five topics: dynamics, technology, safety, comfort, and cost; (b) based on the DEMATEL technique, the dimensions in the order of importance are as follows: safety, technology, dynamics, comfort, and cost; (c) the price is the most important criteria that affect customers’ satisfaction by the DANP model; and (d) based on the VIKOR model, the selection strategies present that Aion S is highlighted as the best choice, and the optimization path is discussed to promote the performance of BEVs to increase customers’ satisfaction. The findings can provide a reference for improving the sustainable development of the automobile industry in China. The proposed framework serves as the basis for further discussion of BEVs.

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Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of electric and conventional vehicles in Lithuania

Cited by 86 publications

References 22 publications

Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method

Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using the GREET Model—A Comparative Study

A Study on Selection Strategies for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Sentiments, Analysis, and the MCDM Model

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