Comparative efficiency of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse biochar reduces the cadmium bioavailability to spinach and enhances the microbial activity in contaminated soil

Comparative Role of Compost, Press Mud and Moringa Leaf Extract to Eliminate the Stress and Growth of Maize in Cadmium Polluted Soil

“…Due to the alkalinity of press mud, OH − ions released in soil solution and prominently increase soil pH, which could create the bindings sites for heavy metals complexation and adsorption 36 . It can be demonstrated that the increase in soil pH could enhance the sorption cavities and bindings sites on soil collides and as well as increased the net electronegative charges on soil constituents 6,7 , which are thus responsible for the Cd immobilization through adsorption and precipitation 8 .…”

“…After the crop harvest, soil samples were taken from each unit and measured soil pH and EC using pH and EC meter according to the described method in our previous study 8 . Bioavailable Cd contents from each potted soil were estimated using the CaCl 2 extractable technique 6,7 .…”

“…Soil organic matter contents were calculated by using the wet oxidation method 28 . Similarly, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were estimated as described by Bashir et al 8 Plant Analysis…”

“…Chlorophyll contents were measured using the SPAD meter. However, the harvested portion of maize shoots and roots were oven dried and digested with di-acid HNO 3 :HClO 4 mixture for the estimation of Cd contents and nutrients (NPK) as described in our previous study [6][7][8] .…”

“…The increase of heavy metal accumulation in cultivated soils leads in deteriorating the soil health and enhancing the plant Cd uptake, which affects food safety and quality 7,8 . Nowadays, various soil restoration strategies (physical, chemical and biological) are adopted in order to improve soil health and minimize food security risks 9 .…”