Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children

Varsano, I; Eidlitz-Marcus, T.; Nussinovitch, Moshe; Elian, I.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83392-x

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Ceftriaxone and ciprofl oxacin have been shown to be highly effective for shigellosis. 5,[29][30][31] Ceftriaxone requires parenteral administration, whereas ciprofl oxacin is avoided in children.…”

Section: 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2001-2006

Pourakbari¹,

Mamishi²,

Mashoori³

et al. 2010

Braz J Infect Dis

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We declare no confl ict of interest. ABSTRACTAppropriate antimicrobial treatment of shigellosis depends on identifying its changing resistance pattern over time. We evaluated 15,255 stool culture submitted from July 2001 to June 2006 to the Laboratory of Children Medical Center Hospital. Specimen culture, bacterial identifi cation, and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. From 15,255 stool samples, 682 (4.5%) were positive for Shigella species. The most common species of Shigella were S. fl exneri (48%) and S. sonnei (45%); other results were S. dysenteriae (5%) and S. boydii (2%). The rate of Sensitivity to ceftriaxone (95%), ceftizoxime (94%), and nalidixic acid (84%) were among our isolates. Resistance to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin was 87% and 86%, respectively. S. fl exneri was more multiresistant than other species (47.9%). Our isolates are overall most sensitive to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and nalidixic acid (> 84%). They were most resistant to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin (> 86%). Because resistance varies according to specifi c location, continuous local monitoring of resistance patterns is necessary for the appropriate selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy.

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Section: 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2001-2006

Pourakbari¹,

Mamishi²,

Mashoori³

et al. 2010

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Additionally, the clinical resolution of symptoms is typically slower with ceftriaxone than with ciprofloxacin, and more severe cases may require courses longer than five days. The effectiveness of ceftriaxone has been demonstrated in the treatment of both typhoid [95] and non-typhoid salmonellosis [96] and shigellosis [83,97], even with strains resistant to fluoroquinolones [98,99]. Besides the need for parenteral administration and the high cost, the major drawback of the widespread empirical use of ceftriaxone for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea is the immediate danger of increasing microbial resistance to this useful drug.…”

Section: Third Generation Cephalosporinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children

Diniz-Santos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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While the routine use of antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children must be avoided, because it brings little benefit in most cases and is associated with the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance, selected cases may require antimicrobial therapy, and the choice of the antimicrobial agent often has to be made empirically. Physicians prescribing antimicrobials in such a setting have not only to be aware of the most likely pathogens, but also of their characteristic antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the safety profile of the various drugs. We reviewed the literature on the use of ampicillin, beta-lactamase inhibitors, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, metronidazole and malabsorbed agents in the setting of acute infectious diarrhea, and we evaluated the available information, seeking to apply it to empirical use, highlighting clinically-useful pharmacological information and patients' and pathogens' characteristics that must be taken into account for decisions about antimicrobial therapy.

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“…Initially susceptible to many antimicrobial agents, Shigella isolates resistant to a variety of agents have been reported in the United States, especially in Indian reservations and day care centers (4,5,11), and in Canada (25), Asia (3,18), Europe (13), and Africa, most prominently among patients with AIDS (16). This development has necessitated the examination of new therapeutic options (1,9,28,34) and repeated reevaluation of the treatment recommendations (29). Because resistance patterns are changing constantly and vary among geographic locations (20), their continual monitoring is mandatory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984 to 1992

Ashkenazi¹,

May-Zahav²,

Sulkes³

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Recent (1984 to 1992) trends in the antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel were studied by analyzing the results of 106,000 stool cultures, 3,511 of which yielded Shigella spp. Over the study period, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) increased from 59 to 92% (P ‫؍‬ 0.0038) and that to ampicillin increased from 13 to 86% (P < 0.0001). Resistances to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and broad-spectrum cephalosporins remained low. Shigella sonnei, which currently accounts for 90% of Shigella infections, was more resistant than S. flexneri to TMP-SMX (81 versus 57%, P < 10 ؊6 ), ampicillin (42 versus 32%, P < 10 ؊5 ), and tetracycline (38 versus 28%, P < 10 ؊5 ). S. boydii and S. dysenteriae were relatively rare. Seasonality in antimicrobial resistance was found, with summer isolates being less resistant to TMP-SMX, ampicillin, or both than isolates obtained over the rest of the year (P < 10 ؊5

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Comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2001-2006

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2001-2006

Antibiotics for the empirical treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in children

Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984 to 1992

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