Comparative efficacy of Annona squamosa and Azadirachta indica extracts against Boophilus microplus Izatnagar isolate

Abstract

In the search of developing herbal acaricides, eight medicinal plants were screened for their efficacy against Boophilus microplus, the widely distributed tick species in India. Of the seven extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the Annona squamosa seed showed very high level of efficacy (70.8%) after 24 h of treatment. The effect of treatment on oviposition of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the reproductive index was noted in comparison to control. When efficacy of the in vitro optimized concentration of A. squamosa was compared with previously tested extract of Azadirachta indica in in vivo model, it was observed that the extracts prepared from A. indica is more efficacious than the extracts of A. squamosa. A comparable efficacy against B. microplus fed on animals treated with herbal extracts and commonly used synthetic acaricide was noted. The possibility of using the herbal extracts in IPM format for the management of ticks is discussed.

Perspectives for the use of plant extracts to control the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

“…Considering the reproductive efficiency of surviving ticks, the efficacy was 68.32 and 80.48% for the neem and cypermethrin groups, respectively. Similar results were observed by Magadum et al (2009), also using neem seeds at the same concentration as Srivastava et al (2008). Pereira and Famadas (2006) tested the root extract of D. pentaphylla at concentrations of 1:10 and 1:20 mL, on artificially infested bovines.…”

“…Pulegone was the main compound isolated from the essential oil (RIBEIRO et al, 2010). In addition, tests on this family were carried out using the essential oil from leaves VALENTE et al, 2007;SRIVASTAVA et al, 2008;COSTA et al, 2008;MAGADUM et al 2009;BROGLIO-MICHELETTI et al, 2009 Azadirachtin (BUTTERWORTH; MORGAN, 1971) Salanin (MEISNER et al, 1981) Nimbin, nimbinin (SIDDIQUI et al, 1988) Meliatetraolenone, odoratone (SIDDIQUI et al, 2003) Melia azedarach L. (BORGES et al, 1994(BORGES et al, , 2003VIVAN, 2005;SOUSA et al, 2008).…”

Acaricides efficiency on Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus from Bahia state North-Central region

“…(B.) microplus (SRIVASTAVA et al, 2008;MAGADUM et al, 2009). The biochemical effects of this extract over the cattle tick remains unclear, but Habluetzel et al (2007) found that the extract produced a reduction in the survival of the larvae and adults and also interfered with oviposition and oogenesis, behavior, dietary process, and growth of arthropods (SCHMUTTERER, 1990;MORDUE;NISBET, 2000;BROGLIO-MICHELETTI et al, 2009.…”

Weight gain and control of endo- and ectoparasites of beef heifers treated with allopathic, herbal and homeopathic drugs

“…microplus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and R. haemaphysaloides and found 60-75% efficiency in bovines and buffaloes. Srivastava et al (2008) and Magadum et al (2009) found 71% mortality of ticks 5 to 7 days post-treatment using an ethanolic extract of A. indica (8%) seeds in experimentally infested crossbred steers, and Valente et al (2007) found an effect similar to that of abamectin pour-on in naturally infested bovines treated weekly for a month with an aqueous extract of neem leaf. However, Ramzan et al (2008), using dried leaves topically applied in water, concluded that the efficacy of A. indica in controlling infestation by R.…”

“…microplus. Srivastava et al (2008) and Magadum et al (2009) reported a significant reduction in the weight of engorged female ticks, oviposition and the reproductive index of ticks that fed on experimentally infested bovines treated with ethanolic extracts (8%) of A. indica leaves. Engorged female ticks fed on cattle treated for 28 months with a tick biotherapic 12 and 30CH added to the mineral salt provided showed significantly decreased weight, oviposition and egg mass and a consequent decrease in reproductive efficiency (GAZIM et al, 2010).…”