Comparative effects of two oral rehydration solutions on milk clotting, abomasal luminal pH, and abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves

Abstract

The effect of adding an oral rehydration therapy (ORT) solution containing bicarbonate, citrate, and acetate to cow's milk on milk clotting, abomasal luminal pH, and abomasal emptying rate was determined in suckling calves. Six male Holstein-Friesian calves with abomasal cannulae, 5 to 13 d of age, were used in a crossover design. Calves were fed 2 L of cow's milk alone, milk with an ORT solution containing a low bicarbonate concentration (25 mmol/L), acetate (12 mmol/L), citrate (12 mmol/L), and glycine (7 mmol/L; group BACG), or milk with an ORT solution containing formate (58 mmol/L) and acetate (15 mmol/L) in randomized order. Clotting of milk was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Abomasal luminal pH was monitored continuously. Abomasal emptying rates were determined by using the change in abomasal luminal pH, acetaminophen absorption, and glucose absorption. The addition of a BACG-ORT solution to cow's milk increased in vitro clotting time by approximately 6 min. All 3 test solutions clotted in vivo by 15 min after the beginning of suckling. The addition of a BACG-ORT solution to cow's milk increased the pH of cow's milk and abomasal fluid by approximately 0.3 pH units. The addition of a BACG-ORT or a formate and acetate-ORT solution to cow's milk increased solution osmolality and slowed the rate of abomasal emptying. We concluded that the addition of BACG-ORT solution to cow's milk did not affect milk clotting in vivo. Recommendations based on the results of in vitro studies that bicarbonate- or citrate-containing ORT solutions should not be fed concurrently with cow's milk do not appear to be relevant to in vivo conditions when 2 L of a low-bicarbonate (25 mmol/L), low-citrate (12 mmol/L) ORT solution is fed.

Effect of orally administered electrolyte solution formulation on abomasal luminal pH and emptying rate in dairy calves

“…30 Diarrhea caused by ETEC infection can be experimentally reproduced in calves < 48 hours of age by orally administering large inoculums (typically 10 9 to 10 11 ) of viable ETEC organisms. However, the commercially available OAE used in that study 48 had a much lower concentration of bicarbonate (25mM), compared with the products used in the present study. [33][34][35][36] The modified protocol was able to induce diarrhea in 100 of 150 (67%) calves 5 to 10 days of age, 33 32 of 60 (53%) calves > 1 day of age, 34 31 of 51 (61%) calves < 7 days of age, 33 and 38 of 75 (51%) calves 7 to 14 days of age.…”

“…Blood samples were collected from an ear vein immediately prior to and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8,12,24,36,48,72,96,120,144, and 168 hours after CCFA administration. Animals-11 adult Asian elephants.…”

Susceptibility of Young Sheep to Oral Infection with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Decreases Significantly after Weaning

“…It is possible therefore that before weaning, the lamb gut is a less harsh environment, allowing more infectivity to survive than in weaned lambs. The pH in the abomasum is variable in young ruminants and after ingestion of milk is very much higher than that in older animals (10), which may reduce protein digestion and aid absorption of colostral immunoglobulin. The effects of gut conditions can be profound.…”

Effect of Orally Administered Cisapride, Bethanechol, and Erythromycin on the Apparent Efficiency of Colostral IgG Absorption in Neonatal Holstein‐Friesian Calves

“…Actual C max and actual T max were derived from a plot of the plasma glucose concentration‐versus‐time data, and the area under the plasma glucose concentration–time curve was calculated from 0 to 8 hours by using the trapezoid method; this area provides a crude index of the amount of glucose absorbed for each treatment 26, 30, 31…”