Effect of orally administered electrolyte solution formulation on abomasal luminal pH and emptying rate in dairy calves

Smith, Geof W.; Aljawadi, Ahmed; Constable, Peter D.

doi:10.2460/javma.241.8.1075

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Moreover, prolonged abomasal passage and feeding of milk/MR‐based ORS may interfere with gastric acidification of ingesta and inactivation of ingested bacteria by which diarrhea may worsen due to entry of pathogenic bacteria into the small intestine (Smith et al . ). However, no adverse effects could be detected when treating diarrheic calves with HCO 3 – ‐containing ORS prepared in milk (Wenge et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrasonographic imaging of abomasal milk clotting and abomasal diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves

Kirchner

Schwedhelm

Wenge

et al. 2015

Animal Science Journal

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In case of diarrhea calves are treated with oral rehydration solutions (ORS), which are known to increase abomasal pH and inhibit milk clotting in vitro. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that ORS with HCO3(-) ≤ 62 mmol/L do not interfere with abomasal milk clotting in healthy calves. However, in diarrheic calves, feeding ORS and milk simultaneously may disturb abomasal curd formation and exacerbate diarrhea due to faster abomasal passage of ingesta. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to ultrasonographically examine abomasal milk clotting and diameter after feeding milk and milk replacer (MR) with and without ORS to healthy and diarrheic calves. Abomasal curd formation and diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves were ultrasonographically imaged before and after feeding milk, MR and ORS prepared in milk or MR. Feeding mixtures of milk or MR with ORS did not cause any remarkable differences in the ultrasonographic images of abomasal content. Moreover, abomasal milk clotting was not disturbed due to diarrhea. Statistically significant differences of abomasal diameter after feeding between healthy and diarrheic calves indicated that abomasal emptying is delayed in diarrheic calves. Hence, further studies are needed to determine reasons for decelerated abomasal passage in calves suffering from diarrhea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrasonographic imaging of abomasal milk clotting and abomasal diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves

Kirchner

Schwedhelm

Wenge

et al. 2015

Animal Science Journal

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“…However, replacing sodium bicarbonate in an OES may have some appeal as several disadvantages have been identified when using high concentrations of bicarbonate in electrolyte products. High concentrations of bicarbonate alkalinize the abomasum, which could lead to a higher number of coliform bacteria that reach the small intestine, thus increasing the severity, duration, and mortality risk associated with diarrhea in calves (Smith et al, 2012). There is also concern that bicarbonate may interfere with milk clotting in the abomasum as previous studies identified that OES with a bicarbonate concentration >40 mEq/L has negative effects on milk clotting (Miyazaki et al, 2019).…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: Effects of different blood buffers administered in electrolyte solution to grain-fed veal calves experiencing diarrhea

Wood¹,

Blome²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…This is particularly important when the OES contains sodium bicarbonate as alkalizing agent. The interference seems to be smaller or absent when the OES contains sodium acetate in its composition (SEN et al, 2006;MARSHALL et al, 2008;SMITH et al, 2012).…”

Section: Enteral Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) as an alkalizing agent is common in OES and has the advantage of combining directly with H + ions, exerting direct buffering effect. However, solutions with high HCO 3 -concentration alkalize the abomasum and the proximal portion of the small intestine, interfering with milk clotting and digestion (SMITH et al, 2012). As result of the increase in the intestinal lumen pH, bacterial growth is favored and can worsen the diarrhea (SEN et al, 2006;MARSHALL et al, 2008).…”

Section: Composition Of the Oral Electrolyte Solutions (Oes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolizable bases, such as acetate and citrate, are absorbed and posteriorly metabolized without causing alkalization of the gastrointestinal lumen (SEN et al, 2006). Sodium acetate is the most recommended alkalizing agent in OES because it is rapidly metabolized increasing blood pH; facilitates the absorption of water and sodium in the jejunum; and does not interfere with the digestion of the milk in the abomasum (SEN et al, 2006;SMITH et al, 2012).…”

Section: Composition Of the Oral Electrolyte Solutions (Oes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

et al. 2017

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INTRODUCTIONThe fluid therapy is indicated for the treatment of diseases that determine dehydration and electrolyte and acid base imbalances and is; therefore, commonly used in ruminants medicine, especially in calves. The goals of the replacement of fluids and electrolytes are the correction of present imbalances, the restoration of blood volume and adequate tissue perfusion and the treatment of shock in animals (CONSTABLE, 2003).Fluid and electrolyte replacement can be performed by enteral hydration (EH) or by intravenous infusion (IV). The EH has advantages over IV and should be the modality of choice whenever possible (BERCHTOLD, 2009). It is easier and cheaper, and should be considered equally effective, whenever the gastrointestinal transit is present and dehydration is not marked (CONSTABLE, 2003).Diarrhea is the main disease that affects neonatal calves and can cause mortality due to the imbalances that are installed (SMITH, 2009). Economic losses are related to the death and to additional costs with drugs, labor and veterinary care. When animals survive, the losses occur due to low performance and reduction in the daily body weight gain (MILLEMANN, 2009).In the treatment of diarrheic calves the therapy with oral electrolyte solutions (OES) is the most important measure. The goal is to correct the dehydration, to reverse the hyponatremia and the CLINIC AND SURGERY

show abstract

Effect of orally administered electrolyte solution formulation on abomasal luminal pH and emptying rate in dairy calves

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Ultrasonographic imaging of abomasal milk clotting and abomasal diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves

Ultrasonographic imaging of abomasal milk clotting and abomasal diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves

Short communication: Effects of different blood buffers administered in electrolyte solution to grain-fed veal calves experiencing diarrhea

Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

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