Comparative effects of galactose-induced aging on mitochondrial permeability transition in rat liver and testis

Role of soy isoflavone in preventing aging changes in rat testis: Biochemical and histological studies

“…By catalyzing dismutation of superoxide anion to H 2 O 2 , that then processed by catalase or glutathione peroxidase, SOD acts as first gatekeeper in antioxidant defense system as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione (GSH), an important redox buffer, is co-substrate for glutathione transferase (GST) in biochemical xenobiotic conjugation, and MDA is important result of membrane lipid peroxidation and is an ageing marker ( Oyebode et al, 2020 ). In this work, an imbalance between antioxidative and oxidative markers exposed ageing testis to oxidative stress, resulting in testicular regression in this group.…”

Is galactose a hormetic sugar? Evidence from rat hippocampal redox regulatory network

“…The third important mechanism suggests galactose generates H2O2 by undergoing an oxidation reaction catalyzed by galactose oxidase (GO; EC 1.1.3.9) 17,18 and some researchers suggest that this is, in fact, the only metabolic route of galactose that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) 21 . Interestingly, although a substantial number of researchers working with galactose-induced models of aging in rodents refer to GO-mediated generation of H2O2 as an important mechanism explaining the detrimental effects of galactose 17,18,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , this is a fungal enzyme that doesn't exist in rodents which makes these strong claims slightly suspicious as addressed in our recent comment 35 .…”

Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals the importance of hepatokine FGF21 in liver aging

“… 16 In many studies, d -galactose (D-gal) and H 2 O 2 were used to induce oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro to mimic the natural process of liver aging in cell lines and rats. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 Increasing oxidative damage is an important contributor to aging. D-gal and H 2 O 2 are both contributors to damage from oxidative stress, and galactose oxidase can oxidize D-gal into aldehydes and H 2 O 2 .…”