Comparative Ecology of Native and Introduced Ungulates

Hartnett, David C.; Steuter, Allen A.; Hickman, Karen R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2703-6_4

Cited by 51 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This is the case in North American steppes, where livestock replaced the bison Bison bison and pronghorn (Schwartz and Ellis 1981;Hartnett et al 1997). Thus, dietary niche divergence in sympatric species can occur even at a very subtle scale (Hartnett et al 1997). Campos-Arceiz et al (2004) found that food overlap between Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and livestock occurred not only at the main forage categories but also at the selection of plant parts for foraging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Iberian ibex is under an expansion trend but displaced to suboptimal habitats by the presence of extensive goat livestock in central Spain

2006

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In this paper an updated distribution of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, Schinz 1838) in the central Spanish region of Castile-La Mancha is shown. The species is present in 19% of the study region, and in areas not cited so far in the literature. A detailed analysis of habitat suitability was also carried out, applying a new methodology, Ecological-Niche Factor Analysis, which uses presence data to build a habitat suitability map of a given species. As livestock activity is quite intense in the region, the presence of a potential competitor, the domestic goat (Capra hircus), was included in the analyses. Factors affecting ibex relative abundance were determined by means of a nested stepwise multiple regression, where livestock presence/absence was the nested factor. The presence of livestock has a negative effect on ibex relative abundance, causing the ibex to select areas of poor, sparse vegetation, cultivated lands and forests, whereas in the absence of livestock, the ibex is mainly present in pasture-scrub lands and non-cultivated lands. Conservation implications of these results are discussed in the context of a Mediterranean region where extensive livestock grazing systems abound.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Iberian ibex is under an expansion trend but displaced to suboptimal habitats by the presence of extensive goat livestock in central Spain

2006

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“…The interaction of recurrent ®re with other disturbances, such as grazing by bison, improves plant species diversity and spatial heterogeneity, with plant diversity generally greater on more frequently burned areas (Hartnett et al, 1996). By contrast, cattle grazing has reduced the historical ef®cacy of ®re as a regulator of ecological processes in prairie ecosystems (Hartnett et al, 1997). Although responsible for reduction of ®ne fuels that facilitate the spread of ®re, grazing has also been identi®ed as a process which sustains biological diversity in a variety of grasslands (West, 1993;Frank et al, 1998).…”

Section: Diversity Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…During the late 19th century, major ecological change occurred in grasslands throughout the West with the arrival of Anglo-Europeans and their large herds of cattle and sheep Hartnett et al, 1997;Engle and Bidwell, 2000). Great Plains prairie ecosystems were thereafter subjected to widespread cultivation and systematic grazing by domestic livestock (McGinnies et al, 1991;Hart and Hart, 1997;Frank et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons

Brockway

Gatewood

Paris

2002

Journal of Environmental Management

132

116

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“…At the landscape scale, herding, water development, and fencing are used to manipulate animal distribution, and may play a larger role in transforming native grazing systems than the substitution of domestic grazers for wild ones (Hartnett et al 1997). Within fenced pastures, increases in the intensity and/or duration of grazing causes an increase in the proportion of habitat in grazed patches (Berg et al 1997;Cid and Brizuela 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation

2001

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Grazing can alter the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, influencing ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Our objective was to identify why grazing causes increases in the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in some cases, but decreases in others. The immediate effect of grazing on heterogeneity depends on the interaction between the spatial pattern of grazing and the pre-existing spatial pattern of vegetation. Depending on the scale of observation and on the factors that determine animal distribution, grazing patterns may be stronger or weaker than vegetation patterns, or may mirror the spatial structure of vegetation. For each possible interaction between these patterns, we make a prediction about resulting changes in the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Case studies from the literature support our predictions, although ecosystems characterized by strong plant-soil interactions present important exceptions. While the processes by which grazing causes increases in heterogeneity are clear, how grazing leads to decreases in heterogeneity is less so. To explore how grazing can consistently dampen the fine-scale spatial patterns of competing plant species, we built a cell-based simulation model that features two competing plant species, different grazing patterns, and different sources of vegetation pattern. Only the simulations that included neighborhood interactions as a source of vegetation pattern produced results consistent with the predictions we derived from the literature review.

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Comparative Ecology of Native and Introduced Ungulates

Cited by 51 publications

References 90 publications

The Iberian ibex is under an expansion trend but displaced to suboptimal habitats by the presence of extensive goat livestock in central Spain

The Iberian ibex is under an expansion trend but displaced to suboptimal habitats by the presence of extensive goat livestock in central Spain

Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons

The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation

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