Comparative Cognitive Effects of Choreographed Exercise and Multimodal Physical Therapy in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Recent research on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has primarily focused on searching for measures to prevent or delay the progression of MCI to dementia. Physical exercise has shown to be effective in the prevention of age-related cognitive decline in elderly adults with MCI. However, the most effective type and dose of exercise for the improvement of cognition are yet to be determined. Objective: To compare the cognitive effects of choreographed exercise (Choreography group) with a multimodal physical therapy program (Physical Therapy group) in elderly adults with amnestic MCI, a population with an increased risk of developing dementia. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups under allocation concealment and assessor blinding. Participants were allocated into Choreography or Physical Therapy group and performed exercises twice per week in 60-minute sessions during 12 weeks.

The effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan on fear of movement, prevention of falls, physical activity, and cognitive status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial

“…9 It has been stated that the most appropriate exercise training program that can be given to MCI individuals should include parameters, such as balance, flexibility, lower and upper extremity muscle strengthening exercises, and goal-oriented activities. 10 Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), one of the aerobic exercises maintaining muscle strength and balance, is the most recommended traditional Chinese exercise for older adults. 11 TCC diminishes the risk of falls, ameliorates balance, and enhances endurance and flexibility of muscle.…”

“…However, no consensus has yet been reached regarding exercises to be given to patients with MCI 9 . It has been stated that the most appropriate exercise training program that can be given to MCI individuals should include parameters, such as balance, flexibility, lower and upper extremity muscle strengthening exercises, and goal‐oriented activities 10 …”

Effects of Dance Interventions on Cognition, Psycho-Behavioral Symptoms, Motor Functions, and Quality of Life in Older Adult Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

“…A total of 980 participants were covered in these studies, of which 486 were allocated to the intervention groups and 494 to the control groups. These studies were published in English or Chinese and originated from various countries worldwide: China ( n = 7) (Yi, 2015 ; Junmei, 2016 ; Xinjian, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Qi et al, 2019 ; Yu, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), USA ( n = 2) (Barnes et al, 2013 ; Aguiñaga, 2016 ), Malaysia ( n = 1) (Adam et al, 2016 ), Spain ( n = 1) (Bisbe et al, 2020 ), Japan ( n = 1) (Doi et al, 2017 ), Philippines ( n = 1) (Dominguez et al, 2018 ), and Greece ( n = 1) (Lazarou et al, 2017 ). Ten studies were RCTs (Barnes et al, 2013 ; Yi, 2015 ; Aguiñaga, 2016 ; Junmei, 2016 ; Doi et al, 2017 ; Lazarou et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Qi et al, 2019 ; Bisbe et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), and four studies (Adam et al, 2016 ; Xinjian, 2017 ; Dominguez et al, 2018 ; Yu, 2019 ) were quasi-experimental trials.…”

“…These studies were published in English or Chinese and originated from various countries worldwide: China ( n = 7) (Yi, 2015 ; Junmei, 2016 ; Xinjian, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Qi et al, 2019 ; Yu, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), USA ( n = 2) (Barnes et al, 2013 ; Aguiñaga, 2016 ), Malaysia ( n = 1) (Adam et al, 2016 ), Spain ( n = 1) (Bisbe et al, 2020 ), Japan ( n = 1) (Doi et al, 2017 ), Philippines ( n = 1) (Dominguez et al, 2018 ), and Greece ( n = 1) (Lazarou et al, 2017 ). Ten studies were RCTs (Barnes et al, 2013 ; Yi, 2015 ; Aguiñaga, 2016 ; Junmei, 2016 ; Doi et al, 2017 ; Lazarou et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Qi et al, 2019 ; Bisbe et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), and four studies (Adam et al, 2016 ; Xinjian, 2017 ; Dominguez et al, 2018 ; Yu, 2019 ) were quasi-experimental trials. Five studies compared a dance intervention to regular drug treatment or therapy (Barnes et al, 2013 ; Yi, 2015 ; Junmei, 2016 ; Xinjian, 2017 ; Dominguez et al, 2018 ); five compared dance interventions to educational programs (Doi et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Qi et al, 2019 ; Yu, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ); two used randomized cross-over designs (Aguiñaga, 2016 ; Lazarou et al, 2017 ); one compared dance to physical therapy (Bisbe et al, 2020 ); and one compared dance to relaxation exercises (Adam et al, 2016 ).…”

Effects of creative expression program on the event-related potential and task reaction time of elderly with mild cognitive impairment

“…The benefits of non-pharmaceutical cognitive intervention in improving cognitive function in old adults with MCI or dementia have been wildly reported [ [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Novel cognitive intervention programs such as timeslips build upon humanities and art therapy illustrated the positive effects in the target population [ 8 , 9 ].…”