Comparative characteristics of the functional state of the Autonomous and Central nervous systems depending on the presence and degree of myopia in students

Abstract

Introduction. In children and adolescents myopia in some countries already reached epidemic levels due to the growing prevalence is an urgent need for new approaches to management and search for screening indics of its development risk and key points in its stabilization. Taking into account the development and progression of myopia may be associated with autonomous influences of the nervous system, it becomes relevant to study the features of the autonomous status formation in children, depending on the presence and degree of myopia. Material and methods. The functional state of the autonomic nervous system in 380 5-10 grades students with low degree myopia (group 1), moderate myopia (group 2), and without myopia (group 3) was assessed by heart rate and central nervous system variability and mental performance using variation chronoreflexometry. Results. The maximum number (40%) was recorded in eighth grade of myopia students, 39.4% cases - in fifth grade students. An imbalance in the autonomic nervous system in schoolchildren was established to increase with growing myopic refraction. Thus, vagotonia occurred in 42.8% of students with low degree myopia, eutonia - in 42%, and sympathicotonia only in 15.2%. While in students with moderate myopia in 75% of cases the constraint of regulation systems was revealed due to excessive tone of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to uneconomic work of the cardiovascular system and a sharp decrease in the functional reserves of the body in 50% -70% of students. Conclusion. Consideration of the relationship of myopia with the autonomous status and functional state of the central nervous system offers new directions to the existing concepts of myopia management in children and adolescents of school age, which can be a starting point for solving the problem of prevention of myopia and its progression.