Comparative biochemistry of the glyoxylate cycle

Cioni, Matteo; Pinzauti, Giancarlo; Vanni, P.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(81)90118-8

Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…It does suggest that fructose came from gluconeogenesis as well as from the established carbohydrate reserves. The newly synthesized sugars must have come from protein as there is no evidence of a glyoxy1ate pathway in crustaceans (Benevides and Hammen, 1978;Cioni et al, 1981). Isocitrate lyase (the primary enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle) activity was apparently found in an insect (Carpenter and Jaworski, 1962) though this is open to debate (Hohnke and Scheer, 1970).…”

Section: Embryogenesis and Hatchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical changes associated with embryonic and larval development in the American lobster Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Sasaki¹

1984

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Section: Embryogenesis and Hatchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical changes associated with embryonic and larval development in the American lobster Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Sasaki¹

1984

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“…Adams et al (1983) colocaram alto grau de importância no processo de maturação de sementes de soja, sob a desidratação lenta com efeitos distintos na degradação de clorofila, situação essa que permite a produção de isocitrato liase e malato sintase, enzimas específicas de germinação, em razão de seu papel no ciclo do glioxalato. Nesse ciclo, os lipídios insolúveis das sementes são convertidos em açúcares solúveis (sacarose), forma em que são deslocados para os meristemas radiculares e apicais (Cioni et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sementes esverdeadas em soja: testes alternativos para determinar a sua qualidade

Fátima¹,

Peske²,

Takeda³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. sementes

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RESUMO -A comercialização antecipada de soja é uma realidade em Mato Grosso. Isso implica na necessidade de testes rápidos, confiáveis e que permitam minimizar riscos futuros, principalmente, quando existe um agente complicador a armazenabilidade, como é o caso de sementes com retenção de clorofila. Mudanças associadas à deterioração com conseqüente perda de vigor e viabilidade são observadas nesse tipo de semente, fazendo-se necessário o conhecimento da localização e abrangência dos pontos deteriorativos. Objetivando avaliar testes que sejam factíveis e tenham potencial de determinar a qualidade de sementes esverdeadas, foi realizado este estudo. FMTTucunaré, ciclo semi-precoce, e EMGOPA 313, FMT-Arara Azul e M-SOY 9350, ciclo tardio, que apresentavam 25,7%, 26,8%, 22,6% e 15,6%, respectivamente, de sementes esverdeadas, foram as cultivares estudadas. Para cada cultivar foi utilizada uma amostra testemunha, isenta de pigmento verde. Cada amostra constituiu um tratamento. A qualidade foi avaliada em duas épocas (inicial, maio/2001 e final, novembro/2001), através dos testes de germinação, tetrazólio, emergência em areia, envelhecimento acelerado (24 horas e 48 horas), utilizando tetrazólio em substituição à germinação, e massa seca de plântulas. No teste de tetrazólio, a subclasse DU 4-5 indica a deterioração por umidade, como principal problema fisiológico evolutivo e o tetrazólio, em substituição à germinação no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, 24 horas, pode avaliar o risco do potencial fisiológico do lote com sementes esverdeadas, na época inicial de armazenagem.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, deterioração, clorofila, vigor. GREEN SOYBEAN SEED: ALTERNATIVE TESTS TO DETERMINE SEED QUALITYABSTRACT -The anticipation of the commercialization of soybean seed in the state of Mato Grosso is a reality. This implies the need for reliable quick testing methods for seed quality evaluation, which will minimize and present future risks in commercialization, mainly when there is a complicating factor during storage, such as the case with seed that has chlorophyll retention. Changes associated with deterioration, and the consequent loss of vigor and germination are noticeable in this type of seed, and as a consequence there is the need to know the location and extension of these deteriorative points. Focusing on the objective of evaluating with feasible tests, that have the potential to determine the green seed quality, this study was carried out using: FMT-Tucunare, an early maturing cycle, cultivar 'EMGOPA 313', 'FMT-Arara Azul', and 'M-Soy 9350', with late maturing cycles, which presented 25,7%, 26,8%, 22,6% and 15,6% green seed, respectively. As a control, within each cultivar, there was a lot without green pigmentation, and a new lot with each treatment. The quality of the seed was evaluated in two periods (initial, may/2001 and final, November/2001) using the tests of germination, tetrazolium, emergence in sand, accelerated aging (24 hours and 48 hours), using tetrazolium to replace germination, plus seedling d...

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“…First, sugars and related compounds, such as ascorbic acid, can be oxidized to shorter intermediates, which react with proteins to form carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine (Dunn et al, 1990;Slight et al, 1992;Wells-Knecht et al, 1995a,b). Second, short aldehyde metabolites from the glyoxylate cycle (Cioni et al, 1981) and glycolysis can be released by lysis of microbial cells caused, for example, by serum complement (Frank et al, 1987) or lysozyme (Pollock et al, 1987). Some of these aldehydes are capable of cross-linking collagen (Milch, 1963).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of the organic matrix in dentin caries

Kleter¹

2003

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A tooth consists of pulp tissues encased in hard, mineralized tissues. Dentin-forming cells (odontoblasts) are found at the border of the pulp. Odontoblasts have extensions running centripetally through narrow channels (tubules) in predentin and dentin, a bone-like tissue. Predentin is deposited by odontoblasts and consists of organic matrix. Mineralization takes place some time after the predentin deposition, thus at some distance from the odontoblast. Mineralization of the organic matrix is induced by enzymes and proteins secreted by the odontoblast extensions into the predentin at the level of the mineralization front. The tubules end in the outer part of dentin (mantle dentin), the composition of which deviates from bulk dentin. Dentin consists of mineral (70 wt%), water (10 wt%) and organic matrix (20 wt%). At the tooth's crown, dentin is lined with enamel, a mineralized tissue with far less of an organic matrix than dentin. Normally only a part of the crown is exposed to the oral cavity. Root dentin is lined with cementum, a thin layer of partially mineralized tissue containing organic material. The cementum near the root apex is of a cellular nature, but becomes increasingly acellular towards the crown. The tooth is set in the alveolar ridge of the jaw, and is encircled by the periodontal ligament, which helps absorb the mechanical forces exerted on the tooth. Above the alveolar bone, the tooth is covered by soft, gingival tissue.Dentin organic matrix. The organic matrix of dentin consists of collagen for 90 wt%. Non-collagenous compounds comprise proteoglycans, highlyphosphorylated proteins, osteonectin, osteocalcin, dentin sialoprotein, and lipids (Boskey, 1989; Butler et al., 1992; Goldberg and Septier, 1985; Linde, 1989). Several non-collagenous compounds play a role in dentin formation and mineralization.Collagen is the most prevalent protein in the human body. Nineteen types of collagen have been described. The common feature is the triple helix: three polypeptide chains (α) coiled around each other. It is essential that glycine occupies each third position in the α chains. High contents of hydroxyproline stabilize the structure. Type I collagen prevails in dentin. Its molecules have 300-nm-long rod shapes, containing triple helices (1011 residues per α chain) flanked by short non-helical ends (6-25 residues per α chain). Fibrils are evenly-spaced, linearly-aligned, cylindrical groupings of molecules. The fibrils show alternating bands in electron microscopy due to the overlapping of negatively charged 7 molecule segments stained by heavy metal ions, yielding a specific "banding pattern". Parallel fibrils are gathered into fibres (Van der Rest and Bruckner, 1993).Type V collagen has been found in dentin (Lukinmaa and Waltimo, 1992) and is involved in fibril formation. Some peculiarities have been noted for dentinal type I collagen. For example, a high content of α 1 chains in rat dentin indicates the presence of molecules composed of three α 1 chains apart from the usual (α 1 ) 2 α 2 composition...

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Comparative biochemistry of the glyoxylate cycle

Cited by 51 publications

References 147 publications

Biochemical changes associated with embryonic and larval development in the American lobster Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Biochemical changes associated with embryonic and larval development in the American lobster Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Sementes esverdeadas em soja: testes alternativos para determinar a sua qualidade

Reactions of the organic matrix in dentin caries

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