Comparative aspects of phytase and xylanase effects on performance, mineral digestibility, and ileal phytate degradation in broilers and turkeys

Abstract

Two experiments were performed, using broilers or turkeys, each utilizing a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, to compare their response to phytase and xylanase supplementation with growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and ileal phytate degradation as response criteria. For both experiments, 960 Ross 308 or 960 BUT 10 (0-day-old) birds were allocated to 6 treatments: (1) control diet, containing phytase at 500 FTU/kg; (2) the control diet with xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg); (3) the control diet supplemented on top with phytase (1,500 FTU/kg); (4) diet supplemented with 1,500 FTU/kg phytase and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg); (5) the control diet supplemented with phytase (3,000 FTU/kg); and (6) diet supplemented with 3,000 FTU/kg phytase and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg). Each treatment had 8 replicates of 20 birds each. Water and diets based on wheat, soybean meal, oilseed rape meal, and barley were available ad libitum . Body weight gain and feed intake were measured from 0 to 28 D, and feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) corrected for mortality was calculated. Ileal digestibility for dry matter and minerals on day 7 and 28 were analyzed in addition to levels of inositol phosphate esters (InsP6-3) and myo -inositol. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA. Xylanase supplementation improved 28D FCR in broilers and turkeys. Increasing doses of phytase reduced FI and improved FCR only in broilers. In broilers, the age × phytase interaction for phosphorous digestibility showed that increasing phytase dose was more visible on day 7, than on day 28. Mineral digestibility was lower in 28-day-old turkey compared with 7-day-old turkey. InsP6 disappearance increased with increasing phytase levels in both species, with lower levels analyzed in turkeys. InsP6 disappearance was greater in younger turkeys (day 7 compared with day 28). In conclusion, although broilers and turkeys shared several similarities in their growth and nutrient utilization responses, the outcomes of the 2 trials also differed in many aspects. Whether this is because of difference in diets (InsP or Ca level) or differences between species needs further investigation.

Short-chain fatty acids and ceca microbiota profiles in broilers and turkeys in response to diets supplemented with phytase at varying concentrations, with or without xylanase

“…Although in the current study, the increase in Bifidobacterium proportions were not linked to higher concentrations of SCFA measured, other studies have demonstrated that XOS selectively increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and the production of butyrate and acetate ( Van Craeyveld et al., 2008 ). In any case, in this study, xylanase supplementation improved feed conversion ratio in broilers and turkeys ( Olukosi et al., 2020 ), suggesting a possible link between this bacterial group and performance.…”

“…All growth performance, ileal digestibility, and digesta inositol phosphate concentration results from the experiments are presented in ( Olukosi et al., 2020 ). The nutrient profile in the diets ( Table 2 ) and the xylanase activities ( Table 3 ) were met, but the analyzed phytase in the diets were greater than expected ( Table 3 ).…”

“…No influence of phytase supplementation on the microbiome in turkeys were observed in the current study, and to the best of our knowledge, no such studies have been reported previously. Broilers possess a greater capacity for InsP6 degradation and hydrolysis for lower inositol phosphates compared with turkeys ( Ingelmann et al., 2019 , Olukosi et al., 2020 ), and this difference can be maximized with phytase supplementation. The differences observed between turkeys and broilers in their capacity for InsP6 hydrolysis and P digestibility may be the result of differences in small intestine maturity ( Adebiyi and Olukosi, 2015 ), endogenous P loss, pH along the GIT, passage rate ( Rodehutscord and Dieckmann, 2005 , Adebiyi and Olukosi, 2015 ), and differences in their microbiome ( Pan and Yu, 2014 ).…”

“…In presented the broiler and turkey, comparative response to phytase and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, and ileal phytate degradation. This article aims to explore the response to phytase and xylanase in the cecal fermentation and the microbiota populations structure in broilers and turkeys from Olukosi et al (2020) .…”

Inositol and gradient phytase supplementation in broiler diets during a 6-week production period: 2. Effects on phytate degradation and inositol liberation in gizzard and ileal digesta contents

“…The difficulties in degrading lower phytate esters may also be influenced by an interactive effect of phytase dose and age of broilers ( Olukosi et al., 2020 ). In research presented herein, concentrations of IP3 and IP4 in the ileal digesta increased as phytase dose is increased from 0 to 1,500 FTU/kg but decreased when phytase is further increased to 40,500 FTU/kg.…”