Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia of Birds

Ludders, John W.

doi:10.1002/9781119421375.ch43

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…O grau de sedação leve (S2) observado na maioria dos indivíduos tratados por via intramuscular pode estar relacionado com a absorção dos fármacos por esta via, uma vez que na administração de fármacos injetáveis pode haver variação significativa intraespecífica em termos de dose e resposta (Ludders, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Para a anestesia e sedação de aves, é indicada a anestesia inalatória por ser considerada mais segura que a anestesia injetável, porém, faz-se necessário o uso de aparelhos com vaporizadores calibrados, os quais podem não estar disponíveis sempre que necessário (Vesal e Zare, 2006). Além disso, devido ao menor índice anestésico dos halogenados, quando utilizados em aves, a ocorrência de depressão respiratória e apneia pode ser comum (Ludders et al 1990), sendo, portanto, necessária a monitoração constante e cuidadosa desses pacientes (Ludders, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Efeitos sedativos da administração intranasal ou intramuscular de midazolam associado ou não ao butorfanol em periquito autraliano (Melopsitacus undulatus)

Silva¹,

Trevisan²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2017

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Veterinária

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ResumoFrequentemente o médico-veterinário é requisitado para realização de diversos procedimentos em aves, os quais geralmente necessitam de sedação ou anestesia geral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos sedativos do midazolam (5 mg.kg -1 ) associado ou não ao butorfanol (1 mg.kg -1 ) pelas vias de administração intranasal ou intramuscular. Sete periquitos australianos foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos em delineamento do tipo crossover com 15 dias de intervalo. Foram avaliados os períodos de latência, tempos de decúbito dorsal, tempos de sedação, tempos de recuperação, grau de sedação e qualidade de recuperação. Os resultados paramétricos foram avaliados por análise de variância de uma via seguida por teste de StudentNewman-Keuls e os dados não paramétricos foram submetidos ao teste Kruskal-Wallis ambos com 5% de significância. A técnica intranasal demonstrou melhores graus de sedação; no entanto, concluiu-se que ambos os protocolos e as vias de administração avaliados são seguras e viáveis para sedação em periquito australiano.Palavras chaves: sedação, opioíde, benzodiazepínico, psitacídeo. AbstractOften veterinarians have attended various species of birds to perform clinical procedures, which require sedation or general anesthesia. The aim of this study was compare the intranasal or intramuscular sedative effects of midazolam (5 mg.kg -1 ) with or without butorphanol (1 mg.kg -1 ). Seven budgerigards (Melopsitacus undulates) were submitted in a crossover design to four treatments. The procedures were performed with 15 days washout. Were evaluated the on set time, dorsal recumbency time duration, total sedation period, total recovery time, sedation degree and recovery quality. The parametric results were analised by one way ANOVA following Student-Newman-Keuls test and non-parametric datas were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test, both with 5% significance. The intranasal technical demonstrates best degrees of sedation, however, this study concluded that both protocols and the administration routes are safe and viable for sedation in budgerigards.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos sedativos da administração intranasal ou intramuscular de midazolam associado ou não ao butorfanol em periquito autraliano (Melopsitacus undulatus)

Silva¹,

Trevisan²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2017

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Veterinária

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“…Although few disadvantages such as, risk of overdosing in small birds, difficulty in maintaining surgical anaesthesia without severe cardiopulmonary depression and prolonged recovery have been identified (Franchetti and Klide, 1978;Paul-Murphy and Fialkowski, 2001;Ludders, 2015), injectable anaesthesia continues to be in use due to minimal equipment need, low cost, quick anaesthetic induction, as well as, minimal or no pollution of work environment (Paul-Murphy and Fialkowski, 2001;Gandomani et al, 2009;Ludders, 2015). Injectable *Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe cardiopulmonary depression, as well as, prolonged and violent recovery has precluded the use of single agents for surgical anaesthesia, thereby encouraging research into possible drugs combinations (Forbes, 1999;Ludders, 2015). The need for understanding of species specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of each injectable drug has also been emphasized (Hawkins and Paul-Murphy, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When used alone, it is suitable for chemical restraint for minor surgical and diagnostic procedures (Ludders and Matthews, 2007). However, it is not a suitable general anaesthetic agent for major surgical manipulations (Ludders and Mathews, 2007) as high doses in birds are characterized by cardiopulmonary depressant effects and prolong recovery (Flecknell, 2009;Ludders, 2015). Therefore, combining ketamine with other injectable agents to allow for reduction of dose and faster recovery has been suggested in literature (Curro, 1998;Forbes, 1999;Edling, 2006;Uzma et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens

Eyarefe¹,

Oguntoye²

2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Effects of halothane on the electroencephalogram of the chicken

McIlhone

Beausoleil

Kells

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Little is known about the effects of inhalant anaesthetics on the avian electroencephalogram (EEG). The effects of halothane on the avian EEG are of interest, as this agent has been widely used to study nociception and analgesia in mammals. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of halothane anaesthesia on the EEG of the chicken. Twelve female Hyline Brown chickens aged 8–10 weeks were anaesthetized with halothane in oxygen. For each bird, anaesthesia was progressively increased from 1–1.5 to 2 times the Minimum Anesthetic Concentration (MAC), then progressively decreased again. At each concentration, a sample of EEG was recorded after a 10‐min stabilization period. The mean Total Power (PTOT), Median Frequency (F50) and 95% Spectral Edge Frequency (F95) were calculated at each halothane MAC, along with the Burst Suppression Ratio (BSR). Burst suppression was rare and BSR did not differ between halothane concentrations. Increasing halothane concentration from 1 to 2 MAC resulted in a decrease in F50 and increase in PTOT, while F95 increased when MAC was reduced from 1.5 to 1. The results indicate dose‐dependent spectral EEG changes consistent with deepening anaesthesia in response to increasing halothane MAC. As burst suppression was rare, even at 1.5 or 2 times MAC, halothane may be a suitable anaesthetic agent for use in future studies exploring EEG activity in anaesthetized birds.

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Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia of Birds

Cited by 19 publications

References 145 publications

Efeitos sedativos da administração intranasal ou intramuscular de midazolam associado ou não ao butorfanol em periquito autraliano (Melopsitacus undulatus)

Efeitos sedativos da administração intranasal ou intramuscular de midazolam associado ou não ao butorfanol em periquito autraliano (Melopsitacus undulatus)

Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens

Effects of halothane on the electroencephalogram of the chicken

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