Deep Learning has pushed the limits of what was possible in the domain of Digital Image Processing. However, that is not to say that the traditional computer vision techniques which had been undergoing progressive development in years prior to the rise of DL have become obsolete. This paper will analyse the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. The aim of this paper is to promote a discussion on whether knowledge of classical computer vision techniques should be maintained. The paper will also explore how the two sides of computer vision can be combined. Several recent hybrid methodologies are reviewed which have demonstrated the ability to improve computer vision performance and to tackle problems not suited to Deep Learning. For example, combining traditional computer vision techniques with Deep Learning has been popular in emerging domains such as Panoramic Vision and 3D vision for which Deep Learning models have not yet been fully optimised.
ResumoAlimentação de pequenos felídeos neotropicais (Felidae: Carnivora) e sobreposição de nicho tróico na paisagem mosaico antropizada no sul do Brasil. Conhecer a diversidade de uma comunidade e compreender sua dinâmica é especialmente importante em um habitat alterado onde estas informações podem ajudar a melhorar programas de conservação da biodiversidade. Na paisagem alterada de Mata Atlântica de Interior, no oeste do estado do Paraná (25º41' a 25º20'S e 53º56' a 54º35'W), foram coletadas amostras (310) de fezes de felídeos neotropicais, das quais 110 foram identiicadas, sendo 39 para Leopardus guttulus (gatodo-mato-pequeno), 38 para Leopardus wiedii (gato-maracajá) e 33 para Puma yagouaroundi (gato-mourisco). As amostras identiicadas continham espécies de presas sinantrópicas, como o roedor Mus musculus em 44% (L. guttulus), 32% (L. wiedii) e 15% (P. yagouaroundi). Esta observação e a coleta destas amostras na paisagem de uso agrícola sugerem que estes pequenos felinos utilizam esta paisagem antropizada mosaica. Os pequenos mamíferos (< 100 g) foram mais comuns na dieta dessas espécies, sendo Akondontini e Monodelphis spp. os grupos de presas com maior ocorrência. Além disto, a elaboração do fator de correção de biomassa para estas espécies mostrou ser signiicativamente eicaz na correção de biomassa consumida de duas das três espécies de felinos estudadas, e por esta razão, é recomendado em futuros estudos destas espécies. Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica de Interior; Leopardus guttulus; Leopardus wiedii; Matriz agrícola; Puma yagouaroundiRevista Biotemas, 28 (4), dezembro de 2015 156 A. R. Rinaldi et al. AbstractUnderstanding the diversity of a community and its dynamics is especially important in altered habitats such as agricultural ields, where this information can help biodiversity conservation programs. In an altered landscape of the interior Atlantic Forest, western Paraná State, Brazil (25º41' to 25º20'S and 53º56' to 54º35'W), samples (310) were collected and a total of 110 samples could be determined for some small Neotropical felids, including 39 Leopardus guttulus (oncilla), 38 L. wiedii (margay) and 33 Puma yagouaroundi (jaguarondi). The diets of these felids contained typical synanthropic prey such as Mus musculus in 44% (L. guttulus), 32% (L. wiedii) and 15% (P. yagouaroundi) of the total samples. This observation and the sample collection in agricultural places demonstrate that felids can use this anthropized landscape. The small mammals (<100 g) were more common in the diet of these species. Nevertheless, the correction factor was shown to have signiicant eiciency in correcting estimates of biomass ingested for two of the three species of felids, and we therefore recommend that these species be used in future studies. Even with this observed coexistence, the food niche of the three species showed a large overlap.
Foram avaliados os efeitos anestésicos da associação de cloridrato de tiletamina, cloridrato de zolazepam e cloridrato de xilazina para contenção farmacológica de gatos-do-mato-pequenos, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Felidae), submetidos à colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação. Formularam-se três diferentes protocolos, sendo as doses calculadas individualmente, por meio de extrapolação alométrica interespecífica, com base nas indicações posológicas usuais para o cão doméstico com massa de 10,0 kg. No Protocolo 1 (n=10) a base para o cálculo alométrico foi 5,0mg/kg para tiletamina + zolazepam e 0,5mg/kg para xilazina; no Protocolo 2 (n=12,) foi 5,0mg/kg para tiletamina + zolazepam e 0,75mg/kg para xilazina; e no Protocolo 3 (n=11), foi 5,0mg/ kg para tiletamina + zolazepam e 1,0mg/kg para xilazina. Os animais foram anestesiados em três ocasiões, com intervalo mínimo de 30 dias. Após a administração dos fármacos, monitorizaram-se durante 120 minutos freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, temperatura retal, miorrelaxamento e nocicepção. Também foram avaliados período de latência, período anestésico hábil e contaminação do ejaculado por urina. De um total de 32 colheitas, houve contaminação por urina em 10 colheitas (31,2%) e em 18 alíquotas (0,07%), as quais foram desprezadas, não inviabilizando a análise e o processamento do sêmen. Observou-se pequeno aumento da temperatura retal durante a eletroejaculação, justificado pela contração muscular, ocorrendo redução da temperatura após o procedimento. As freqüências cardíaca e respiratória oscilaram durante o experimento, porém se mantiveram dentro dos padrões fisiológicos para a espécie. Nos três protocolos analisados não houve diferença significativa de sensibilidade de membros torácicos entre momentos antes e durante a eletroejaculação (pe"0,10), caracterizando assim a eficácia dos protocolos em propiciar analgesia e anestesia durante a colheita de sêmen por tal método.
Identification of the associations of cow feeding behaviour with milk yield (MY) is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimize MY. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of rumination time (RT) and MY using data collated from 2 777 dairy cows on nine commercial dairy farms during the years 2017 to 2019. A database contained behaviour and daily MY data. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.7 ± 1.6 lactations, 153 ± 81 days in milk, and 23.2 ± 7.5 kg/day of MY during the observation period. Behavioural data included RT (504 ± 93 min/day), feeding time (FT) (479 ± 110 min/day), resting time (360 ± 94 min/day), and activity time (96 ± 45 min/day). The coefficient of variation for RT (min/day) was 18.5%. The behavioural differences observed in this study provide a new insight into the effects of RT and FT on MY. MY was positively associated with RT in early and mid-lactation dairy cows with correlation coefficients of 0.24 (P < 0.001) and 0.25 (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean level of rumination time (MRT) was shown to be correlated with total MY produced over the whole lactation (305 days). The differences in MY between the highest and lowest MRT groups of cows were 1 735 kg, 2 617 kg and 1 941 kg in the first, second and third lactation, respectively. High-yielding dairy cows in early (≥ 23 kg/day) and mid (≥ 30 kg/day) lactation achieved the highest RT (522 ± 3.54 min/day and 507 ± 3.17 min/day, P < 0.05) and the highest FT (457 ± 4.69 min/day and 496 ± 4.00 min/day, P < 0.05), respectively. Cows in the highest MY groups also had the lowest activity and resting times during the most productive (early and mid) phases of lactation (P < 0.05), which is in agreement with our finding that more productive cows spend a greater proportion of their time feeding and ruminating.
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