Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of pigmy and common marmosets

Abstract

Macroscopic and neurohistological observation 3 of the tongues of the pigmy and common marmosets are described. On the dorsum, there are three circumvallate papillae arranged i n an inverted V-shape. Through the magnifying glass the foliate papillae with a few clefts are found anterior to i:he attachment of the glossopalatine fold. The fungiform papillae can be seen with a lens. The vallate papillae are supplied with abundant nerves. The taste buds are located only in the lateral non-cornified wall of the papilla, closely associated with the subgemmal nerve plexus. The lingual glands of the serous type are present deep in the muscle of this region. The ganglion cells composing the ganglion are located inside and below the papilla. The foliate papillae consist of a few furrows with many taste buds and are supplied with abundant nerves and a few ganglion cells. The serous glands are not plentiful. Infiltration of the lymphoid cells in the foliate papilla region should be regarded as the lingual follicle of the primitive type. The fungiform papillae are supplied with abundant nerve fibers which terminate free and are furnished with many taste buds having an embryonic appearance. The papillae are comparable to those of the human fetal or newborn tongue. The "sublingua" is a rudimentary structure having neither sensory nerves nor taste buds. The ganglion cells lying on the nerve fiber bundles in the apical region probably are cells migrating from the submandibular ganglion. No apical glands of Nuhn are present.The literature concerning the tongue, especially the lingual papillae of primates, contains many papers stating in detail the gross and microscopic anatomy as listed in the references at the end of this paper. There is, however, little information on the microscopic innervation of the tongue of primates. This work is part of a comparative study of tongues of primates with emphasis on their innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe materials used for this study were the tongues of four pigmy and two common marmosets from the Japan Monkey Centre of lnuyama City. After fixation in 10% formalin, they were examined with a lens, and then 30 u frozen sections were made from the anterior part of the tongue in the sagittal section and from the posterior part in the frontal section. The modification of Bielschowskey's silver impregnation method was employed for staining (Kubota et al., '56, ' 6 3 ) . Macroscopic observationsThe tongue of the adult common marmoset is about 21 mm in length and about ANAT. REC., 150: 473-486 8 mm in width, and that of the pigmy is about 17 mm and 6 mm, respectively. The apex linguae is flat and more or less tuberculated. On the dorsum there are three circumvallate papillae arranged in an inverted V-shape. The central posterior papilla is situated anterior to the epiglottis on the median sulcus and is oval in the pigmy, but rather round, surrounded by a moat, and bounded by "vallum" in the common marmosets. Each anterior lateral papilla is a little smaller than the posterior one ( fig. lA...

Nerve endings of filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae of dorsal tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari): Neurohistological observations

“…The histological observations after the silver impregnation method exhibited the thick epithelial layer with keratinized epithelial cells. The data revealed that the characteristic of sensory nerve fibers found in the connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papilla are similar to those reported by Nakayama (1943), Gairns (1956) and Nakai (1960) in the human tongue mucosa, by Okano (1953) in the dog´s tongue, Kamada (1955) in oral mucosa of ca, Kubota (1964) in the tongue of pimy and commom marmosets, Kubota et al (1966) in the tongue of squirrel monkeys, and by Kubota & Iwamoto (1967) in the tongue of slow loris. The nerve fiber bundles found the sub-epithelial connective tissue of these papillae in the tongue mucosae are different from those reported by Dixon (1961), Gairns & Aitchison (1950), Gairns (1951Gairns ( , 1956, and Rapp et al (1957) in gingival mucosa.…”

“…On the other hand, different types of nerve endings in the oral mucosa of mammals such as lip mucosa of cat were reported by Civarelli (1908); in the pharyngeal mucosa of cats by Kamada (1955) and Eto (1959). Kubota (1964) and Kubota et al (1966) found sensory nerve fibers in the mouth mucosa of rhesus. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the presence of several types of sensory innervation of the dorsal surface of the tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary especially in the filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae using the silver impregnation method.…”

Ultrastructure of the Myelinated and Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers of the Tongue Mucosa of Albinus Rat (Wistar) with Aging

“…Kubota & Hayama (1964) and Kubota & Togawa noted that in the lateral wall of the vallate papilla of the wild rats, the taste buds present abundant innervation similar to those observed in our data. Also, it was demonstrated that in the aging rats the nerve fibers may present the variation in the diameter and the thickness of myelin sheets.…”

Morphology of the lingual papillae in the brush-tailed rat kangaroo

“…Three vallate papillae were also found on the tongues of marsupials (Kubota et al, 1963;Krause and Cutts, 1982;Kobayashi et al, 2003;Emura, 2011), primates (Kubota and Hayama, 1964;Emura et al, 2002a), rodents (Kubota and Togawa, 1966;Emura et al, 1999), lagomorphs (Kubota, 1966), insectivores (Chunhabundit et al, 1992) and Chiroptera (Emura et al, 2001;Emura et al, 2002b). In this study, the brush-tailed rat kangaroo showed a triangular arrangement of the three vallate papillae, with the apex of the triangle directed posteriorly.…”