Comparative Analysis of the Use of Moderate-Altitude Training by Top Russian and Chinese Athletes

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of our work was to study the effect of natural hypoxia applied by elite athletes in the course of common training. Data analysed in this paper were collected during joint Russian-Chinese research on the training of elite athletes, who were members of the Russian national team (8 male biathletes, B-team) and 2016 Chinese Olympic team (12 female rowers, R-team).Material and methods. The study was held in the preparatory period, which lasted 4-5 months. The preparatory period in each team was divided into two stages. In the R-team, in the first stage, a training camp was organised at sea level (SL) (200 m, 57 days), and in the second stage, an altitude camp (AC) was held at 2,280 m (40 days). In the B-team, in the first stage, two training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, June-July, 19 days) and the second one, a sea level camp (SLC), at 140 m (July-August, 31 days). Thus, the second control test was preceded by 31-day-long training at SL. In the second stage (September-October), three training camps were held: the first one at 1,100 m (AC, 19 days), the second one at 150 m (SLC, 13 days), and the third one at 1,100-2,800 m (AC, 11 days). Both teams underwent three control tests: prior to the first training stage, at the end of the first training stage, and 6-8 days after the end of the second training stage. All control tests were performed at SL.Results. Monitoring of elite athletes’ training in the preparatory period showed positive changes in physical preparedness in both groups. However, we found that those positive changes might not be related to an additional effect of natural hypoxia.Conclusion. Our study has shown that rational and well-balanced planning according to training goals is the key factor in improving general and specific athletic preparedness.

One-year periodization of training loads of Russian and Norwegian elite cross-country skiers

“…The HRs at AeT and AnT were determined based on regular non-maximum treadmill tests while running with poles using a ramp protocol with speed increments of 0.5 km/h per minute at a fixed grade of 10 %. Maximal oxygen consumption determined during a three-step test, where athletes ran until exhaustion (Myakinchenko et al, 2019).…”

Functional State of Female Aerobic Athletes

“…Однако ресинтез аденозинтрифосфата может осуществляться в реакциях без участия кислорода. Анаэробный механизм энергообеспечения можно подразделить на алактатный, или креатинфосфокиназный механизм, то есть без накопления лактата, обеспечивающий энергией при интенсивной мышечной работе около 10 секунд, и лактатный, или гликолитический, механизм, длящийся около 2-3 минут [7], что, на первый взгляд, в большей степени характеризует специфику спортивной аэробики. Зарождение спортивной аэробики как вида спорта произошло в 70-80-х годах XX века после фитнес-фестивалей, на которых определялись сильнейшие фитнес-тренеры, а наиболее подготовленные участники, помимо высокого темпа выполнения беговых, прыжковых и силовых упражнений, включали в свои показательные, «оздоровительные» тренировки самые разнообразные акробатические и гимнастические элементы [5].…”